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Crystallization Kinetics of Amorphous Silicate and Alumina Dust in Protoplanetary Disks

小林, 航大 北海道大学

2023.03.23

概要

Silicate dust is one of the main constituents of protoplanetary disks, within which
various physical and chemical processes lead to the formation of a variety of planetary systems.
Both crystalline and amorphous silicate dust are present in protoplanetary disks. The former dust
is detected in the inner warm parts of disks while amorphous dust is dominant in outer cold regions
(van Boekel et al., 2004). Therefore, the crystalline silicate dust is likely to be a product of thermal
annealing and accompanying crystallization of amorphous silicate dust which is a heritage from
the interstellar medium (Kemper et al., 2004). It is also found that more enstatite is observed than
forsterite in the inner regions of disks (Bouwman et al., 2008), which could help to understand
temperatures in protoplanetary disks.
Murata et al. (2009) carried out crystallization experiments of amorphous magnesium
silicate with Mg/Si ratio of 1.07, synthesized by the sol-gel method, to determine crystallization
kinetics of amorphous silicate with the solar Mg/Si ratio in air at 1023–1073 K. They obtained
the crystallization rate with the activation energy of 1.12 × 105 K. Because of its large activation
energy for crystallization, they concluded that crystallization of amorphous magnesian silicate
with the enstatite-like composition is kinetically inhibited in the outer part of protoplanetary disks,
which is consistent with the observation of crystalline silicate dust (Bouwman et al., 2008). Imai
(2012) performed similar crystallization experiments of amorphous magnesium silicate with
enstatite composition, synthesized by the induction thermal plasma method (e.g., Kim et al., 2017;
Takigawa et al., 2019; Matsuno et al., 2021) and obtained the activation energy of 8.6×104 K for
crystallization in air at 1053–1123 K. Roskosz et al. (2011) found that forsterite dominantly
crystallized from sol-gel synthesized amorphous silicate with enstatite composition below a glass
transition temperature (~1040 K) determined for the synthesized enstatite glass. ...

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