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Hypervelocity experiments on iron-rich materials at representative main asteroid belt impact speeds give invaluable
insights on the evolution of regolith on iron-rich asteroids and
on the response of these bodies to hypervelocity impacts. After
our previous investigations of impacts on iron meteorites, this
study presents the results of a campaign of hypervelocity
impact experiments on natural mesosiderite targets.
We show:
1. The fragile behavior of mesosiderites at impact, since
experiments result in both cratering and catastrophic
disruption;
2. The influence of the original metal/silicate ratio on the
ductile/fragile behavior of metal-rich asteroids at
impact; and
3. The preservation of the initial vis–NIR spectral signature
in impacted mesosiderites and their ejecta, which
dominated by the spectra of pyroxene minerals characterized by their bands at 0.9 μm and 2 μm.
Our results thus rule out the mesosiderite hypothesis for the
very nature of M/X-type asteroids including (16) Psyche,
despite a small fraction of its surface possibly being covered by
mesosiderite-like materials. Finally, we address the question of
whether mesosiderites and HED meteorites are genetically
linked to (4) Vesta and conclude that mesosiderites may well
originate from other differentiated asteroids of the main belt.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Hypervelocity Impact
Facility (formerly Space Plasma Laboratory), ISAS, JAXA,
Japan. The manuscript benefited from conversations with B.
Carry and P. Tanga. We also thank the two anonymous
reviewers for their constructive comments during the review
process and Faith Vilas for editorial handling. The Fédération
de Recherche Wolfgang Doeblin (FR 2800, CNRS), CNES, the
CNRS through the MITI interdisciplinary program “Evenements Rares” (INSU, CNRS) and the European Union’s
Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant
agreement No. 870377 (project NEO-MAPP) financially
supported this research.
Author contributions: A.M.N. prepared the impact experiments and performed them and P.B. carried out the reflectance
spectrometry of the impacted targets. G.L. and C.G. did the
textural, chemical, and mineralogical characterization of the
run samples. G.L., A.M.N., P.B., C.G., P.V., and P.M
interpreted the data and contributed to data analysis. G.L.
wrote the manuscript.
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