Akasofu, S. I., Kamide, Y., Kan, J. R., Lee, L. C., & Ahn, B. H. (1981). Power transmission from the solar wind-magnetosphere dynamo to
the magnetosphere and to the ionosphere: Analysis of the IMS Alaska meridian chain data. Planetary and Space Science, 29(7), 721–730.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(81)90042-8
Baumjohann, W., Pelunen, R. J., Opgenoorth, H. J., & Nielsen, E. (1981). Joint two-dimensional observations of ground magnetic and
ionospheric electric fields associated with auroral zone currents: Current systems associated with local auroral break-ups. Planetary and
Space Science, 29(4), 431–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(81)90087-8
Baumjohann, W., & Treumann, R. A. (1996). Basic space plasma physics. Imperial College Press. https://doi.org/10.1142/p015
Boström, R. (1964). A model of the auroral electrojets. Journal of Geophysical Research, 69(23), 4983–4999. https://doi.org/10.1029/
JZ069i023p04983
Dreher, J. (1997). On the self-consistent description of dynamic magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling phenomena with resolved ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(A1), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1029/96JA02800
Ebihara, Y., & Tanaka, T. (2015a). Substorm simulation: Formation of westward traveling surge. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space
Physics, 120(12), 10466–10484. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021697
Ebihara, Y., & Tanaka, T. (2015b). Substorm simulation: Insight into the mechanisms of initial brightening. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 120(9), 7270–7288. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021516
Ebihara, Y., & Tanaka, T. (2018). Why does substorm-associated auroral surge travel westward? Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion,
60(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aa89fd
Ebihara, Y., Tanaka, T., & Kikuchi, T. (2014). Counter equatorial electrojet and overshielding after substorm onset: Global MHD simulation
study. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 119(9), 7281–7296. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020065
Friis-Christensen, E., McHenry, M. A., Clauer, C. R., & Vennerstrøm, S. (1988). Ionospheric traveling convection vortices observed near
the polar cleft: A triggered response to sudden changes in the solar wind. Geophysical Research Letters, 15(3), 253–256. https://doi.
org/10.1029/GL015i003p00253
Fujii, R., Amm, O., Yoshikawa, A., Ieda, A., & Vanhamäki, H. (2011). Reformulation and energy flow of the Cowling channel. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 116(A2), A02305. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015989
Fujii, R., Hoffman, R. A., Anderson, P. C., Craven, J. D., Sugiura, M., Frank, L. A., & Maynard, N. C. (1994). Electrodynamic parameters
in the nighttime sector during auroral substorms. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99(A4), 6093. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JA02210
Fukuda, Y., Hirahara, M., Asamura, K., Sakanoi, T., Miyoshi, Y., Takada, T., et al. (2014). Electron properties in inverted-V structures
and their vicinities based on Reimei observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 119, 3650–3663. https://doi.
org/10.1002/2013JA018938
Glassmeier, K.-H., & Heppner, C. (1992). Traveling magnetospheric convection twin vortices: Another case study, global characteristics,
and a model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97(A4), 3977–3992. https://doi.org/10.1029/91ja02464
Goldstein, J., Spiro, R. W., Reiff, P. H., Wolf, R. A., Sandel, B. R., Freeman, J. W., & Lambour, R. L. (2002). IMF-driven overshielding electric field and the origin of the plasmaspheric shoulder of May 24, 2000. Geophysical Research Letters, 29(16), 66-1–66-4. https://doi.
org/10.1029/2001gl014534
Hallinan, T. J., Kimball, J., Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C., & Deehr, C. S. (1997). Spectroscopic evidence for suprathermal electrons in enhanced
auroras. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(A4), 7501–7508. https://doi.org/10.1029/97ja00197
Hallinan, T. J., Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C., & Deehr, C. S. (1985). Enhanced aurora. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90(A9), 8461–8475.
https://doi.org/10.1029/JA090iA09p08461
Hughes, T. J., & Rostoker, G. (1977). Current flow in the magnetosphere and ionosphere during periods of moderate activity. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 82(16), 2271–2282. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA082i016p02271
Inhester, B., Baumjohann, W., Greenwald, R. A., & Nielsen, E. (1981). Joint two-dimensional observations of ground magnetic and ionospheric electric fields associated with auroral zone currents. III—Auroral zone currents during the passage of a westward travelling
surge. Journal of Geophysics, 49, 155–162.
Kamide, Y., & Akasofu, S. I. (1975). The auroral electrojet and global auroral features. Journal of Geophysical Research, 80(25), 3585–3602.
https://doi.org/10.1029/ja080i025p03585
Kan, J. R., Williams, R. L., & Akasofu, S. I. (1984). A mechanism for the westward traveling surge during substorms. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 89(A4), 2211–2216. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA089iA04p02211
Kikuchi, T., Ebihara, Y., Hashimoto, K. K., Kataoka, R., Hori, T., Watari, S., & Nishitani, N. (2010). Penetration of the convection and
overshielding electric fields to the equatorial ionosphere during a quasiperiodic DP 2 geomagnetic fluctuation event. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, A05209. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008ja013948
Kisabeth, J. L., & Rostoker, G. (1973). Current flow in auroral loops and surges inferred from ground-based magnetic observations. Journal
of Geophysical Research, 78(25), 5573–5584. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA078i025p05573
Lee, D. H., & Lysak, R. L. (1990). Effects of azimuthal asymmetry on ULF waves in the dipole magnetosphere. Geophysical Research Letters,
17(1), 53–56. https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i001p00053
Lysak, R. L. (1997). Propagation of Alfvén waves through the ionosphere. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 22(7–8), 757–766.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-1946(97)00208-5
14 of 15
A Self-archived copy in
Kyoto University Research Information Repository
https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
10.1029/2021JA029421
Lysak, R. L. (1999). Propagation of Alfvén waves through the ionosphere: Dependence on ionospheric parameters. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 104(A5), 10017–10030. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JA900024
Lysak, R. L. (2004). Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling by Alfvén waves at midlatitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(A7),
A07201. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010454
Lysak, R. L., Waters, C. L., & Sciffer, M. D. (2013). Modeling of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator in dipolar geometry. Journal of Geophysical
Research: Space Physics, 118(4), 1514–1528. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50090
Lysak, R. L., & Yoshikawa, A. (2006). Resonant cavities and waveguides in the ionosphere and atmosphere. Geophysical Monograph Series,
169, 289–306. https://doi.org/10.1029/169GM19
Neukirch, T., Birk, G. T., Finger, K., & Schindler, K. (1995). A stationary fluid model of field-aligned electric fields and closure of Birkeland
currents. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(A12), 23647–23661. https://doi.org/10.1029/95ja02589
Oguti, T. (1975). Two-tiered auroral band. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 37(11), 1501–1504. https://doi.
org/10.1016/0021-9169(75)90082-3
Opgenoorth, H. J., Pellinen, R. J., Baumjohann, W., Nielsen, E., Marklund, G., & Eliasson, L. (1983). Three-dimensional current flow and
particle precipitation in a westward travelling surge (observed during the Barium-Geos Rocket Experiment). Journal of Geophysical
Research, 88(A4), 3138–3152. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA088iA04p03138
Roe, P. L. (1986). Characteristic-based schemes for the Euler equations. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1, 337–365. https://doi.
org/10.1146/annurev.fl.18.010186.002005
Rostoker, G., & Hughes, T. J. (1979). A comprehensive model current system for high-latitude magnetic activity-II. The substorm component. Geophysical Journal International, 58(3), 571–581. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1979.tb04794.x
Song, Y., & Lysak, R. L. (2001). The physics in the auroral dynamo regions and auroral particle acceleration. Physics and Chemistry of the
Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial & Planetary Science, 26(1–3), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1917(00)00087-8
Spiro, R. W., Wolf, R. A., & Fejer, B. G. (1988). Penetration of high-latitude-electric-field effects to low latitudes during SUNDIAL 1984.
Annales Geophysicae, 6, 39–50.
Tanaka, T. (2003). Formation of magnetospheric plasma population regimes coupled with the dynamo process in the convection system.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 1315. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009668
Tu, J., & Song, P. (2016). A two-dimensional global simulation study of inductive-dynamic magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. Journal
of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 121(12), 11861–11811. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016ja023393
Yoshikawa, A. (2002). Excitation of a Hall-current generator by field-aligned current closure, via an ionospheric, divergent Hall-current,
during the transient phase of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107(A12), SMP 18-1–SMP 18-16.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001ja009170
Yoshikawa, A., & Itonaga, M. (2000). The nature of reflection and mode conversion of MHD waves in the inductive ionosphere: Multistep
mode conversion between divergent and rotational electric fields. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(A5), 10565–10584. https://doi.
org/10.1029/1999ja000159
Zhu, H., Otto, A., Lummerzheim, D., Rees, M. H., & Lanchester, B. S. (2001). Ionosphere-magnetosphere simulation of small-scale structure and dynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106(A2), 1795–1806. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999ja000291
YANO AND EBIHARA
15 of 15
...