[1] H.B. El-Serag, H. Hampel, F. Javadi, The association between diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review of epidemiologic evidence, Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 4 (2006) 369–380.
[2] S.C. Larsson, A. Wolk, Overweight, obesity and risk of liver cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies, Br. J. Cancer 97 (2007) 1005–1008.
[3] G.A. Michelotti, M.V. Machado, A.M. Diehl, NAFLD, NASH and liver cancer, Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 10 (2013) 656–665.
[4] Z.M. Younossi, A.B. Koenig, D. Abdelatif, Y. Fazel, L. Henry, M. Wymer, Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes, Hepatology 64 (2016) 73–84.
[5] R. Karagozian, Z. Derd´ak, G. Baffy, Obesity-associated mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis, Metabolism 63 (2014) 607–617.
[6] L.X. Yu, R.F. Schwabe, The gut microbiome and liver cancer: mechanisms and clinical translation, Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 14 (2017) 527–539.
[7] C. Vaisse, K. Clement, E. Durand, S. Hercberg, B. Guy-Grand, P. Froguel, Melanocortin-4 receptor mutations are a frequent and heterogeneous cause of morbid obesity, J. Clin. Investig. 106 (2000) 253–262.
[8] D.C. Albarado, J. McClaine, J.M. Stephens, R.L. Mynatt, J. Ye, A.W. Bannon, W. G. Richards, A.A. Butler, Impaired coordination of nutrient intake and substrate oxidation in melanocortin-4 receptor knockout mice, Endocrinology 145 (2004) 243–252.
[9] M. Itoh, T. Suganami, N. Nakagawa, M. Tanaka, Y. Yamamoto, Y. Kamei, S. Terai, I. Sakaida, Y. Ogawa, Melanocortin 4 receptor-deficient mice as a novel mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Am. J. Pathol. 179 (2011) 2454–2463.
[10] N. Chiyonobu, S. Shimada, Y. Akiyama, K. Mogushi, M. Itoh, K. Akahoshi, S. Matsumura, K. Ogawa, H. Ono, Y. Mitsunori, D. Ban, A. Kudo, S. Arii, T. Suganami, S. Yamaoka, Y. Ogawa, M. Tanabe, S. Tanaka, Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) overexpression in intratumoral hepatic stellate cells within hepatocellular carcinoma with metabolic risk factors, Am. J. Pathol. 188 (2018) 1213–1224.
[11] A. Obata, N. Kubota, T. Kubota, M. Iwamoto, H. Sato, Y. Sakurai, I. Takamoto, H. Katsuyama, Y. Suzuki, M. Fukazawa, S. Ikeda, K. Iwayama, K. Tokuyama, K. Ueki, T. Kadowaki, Tofogliflozin improves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and accelerates lipolysis in adipose tissue in male mice, Endocrinology 157 (2016) 1029–1042.
[12] K. Shiba, K. Tsuchiya, C. Komiya, Y. Miyachi, K. Mori, N. Shimazu, S. Yamaguchi, N. Ogasawara, M. Katoh, M. Itoh, T. Suganami, Y. Ogawa, Canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, attenuates the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in a mouse model of human NASH, Sci. Rep. 8 (2018) 2362.
[13] G. Ranjbar, D.P. Mikhailidis, A. Sahebkar, Effects of newer antidiabetic drugs on nonalcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis: think out of the box!, Metabolism 101 (2019), 154001.
[14] E. Ferrannini, S. Baldi, S. Frascerra, B. Astiarraga, T. Heise, R. Bizzotto, A. Mari, T. R. Pieber, E. Muscelli, Shift to fatty substrate utilization in response to sodium- glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in subjects without diabetes and patients with type 2 diabetes, Diabetes 65 (2016) 1190–1195.
[15] K. Obara, Y. Shirakami, A. Maruta, T. Ideta, T. Miyazaki, T. Kochi, H. Sakai, T. Tanaka, M. Seishima, M. Shimizu, Preventive effects of the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor tofogliflozin on diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumorigenesis in obese and diabetic mice, Oncotarget 8 (2017) 58353–58363.
[16] N. Balthasar, L.T. Dalgaard, C.E. Lee, J. Yu, H. Funahashi, T. Williams, M. Ferreira, V. Tang, R.A. McGovern, C.D. Kenny, L.M. Christiansen, E. Edelstein, B. Choi, O. Boss, C. Aschkenasi, C.Y. Zhang, K. Mountjoy, T. Kishi, J.K. Elmquist, B.B. Lowell, Divergence of melanocortin pathways in the control of food intake and energy expenditure, Cell 123 (2005) 493–505.
[17] M. Kawakubo, M. Tanaka, K. Ochi, A. Watanabe, M. Saka-Tanaka, Y. Kanamori, N. Yoshioka, S. Yamashita, M. Goto, M. Itoh, I. Shirakawa, S. Kanai, H. Suzuki, M. Sawada, A. Ito, M. Ishigami, M. Fujishiro, H. Arima, Y. Ogawa, T. Suganami, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition prevents nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated liver fibrosis and tumor development in mice independently of its anti-diabetic effects, Sci. Rep. 10 (2020) 983.
[18] D.E. Kleiner, E.M. Brunt, M. Van Natta, C. Behling, M.J. Contos, O.W. Cummings, L.D. Ferrell, Y.C. Liu, M.S. Torbenson, A. Unalp-Arida, M. Yeh, A.J. McCullough, A.J. Sanyal, N. Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research, Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Hepatology 41 (2005) 1313–1321.
[19] E.J. Park, J.H. Lee, G.Y. Yu, G. He, S.R. Ali, R.G. Holzer, C.H. Osterreicher, H. Takahashi, M. Karin, Dietary and genetic obesity promote liver inflammation and tumorigenesis by enhancing IL-6 and TNF expression, Cell 140 (2010) 197–208.
[20] S. Yoshimoto, T.M. Loo, K. Atarashi, H. Kanda, S. Sato, S. Oyadomari, Y. Iwakura, K. Oshima, H. Morita, M. Hattori, K. Honda, Y. Ishikawa, E. Hara, N. Ohtani, Obesity-induced gut microbial metabolite promotes liver cancer through senescence secretome, Nature 499 (2013) 97–101.
[21] A. Forner, J.M. Llovet, J. Bruix, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Lancet 379 (2012) 1245–1255.
[22] M. Itoh, H. Kato, T. Suganami, K. Konuma, Y. Marumoto, S. Terai, H. Sakugawa, S. Kanai, M. Hamaguchi, T. Fukaishi, S. Aoe, K. Akiyoshi, Y. Komohara, M. Takeya, I. Sakaida, Y. Ogawa, Hepatic crown-like structure: a unique histological feature in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice and humans, PLoS One 8 (2013) 82163.
[23] M. Itoh, T. Suganami, H. Kato, S. Kanai, I. Shirakawa, T. Sakai, T. Goto, M. Asakawa, I. Hidaka, H. Sakugawa, K. Ohnishi, Y. Komohara, K. Asano, I. Sakaida, M. Tanaka, Y. Ogawa, CD11c+ resident macrophages drive hepatocyte death-triggered liver fibrosis in a murine model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, JCI Insight 2 (2017), e92902.
[24] A.M. Papatheodoridi, L. Chrysavgis, M. Koutsilieris, A. Chatzigeorgiou, The role of senescence in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Hepatology 71 (2020) 363–374.
[25] L. Verna, J. Whysner, G.M. Williams, N-nitrosodiethylamine mechanistic data and risk assessment: bioactivation, DNA-adduct formation, mutagenicity, and tumor initiation, Pharmacol. Ther. 71 (1996) 57–81.
[26] H. Tilg, A.R. Moschen, M. Roden, NAFLD and diabetes mellitus, Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 14 (2017) 32–42.
[27] G. Marchesini, M. Brizi, G. Bianchi, S. Tomassetti, E. Bugianesi, M. Lenzi, A.J. McCullough, S. Natale, G. Forlani, N. Melchionda, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a feature of the metabolic syndrome, Diabetes 50 (2001) 1844–1850.
[28] K.M. Utzschneider, A. Van de Lagemaat, M.V. Faulenbach, J.H. Goedecke, D.B. Carr, E.J. Boyko, W.Y. Fujimoto, S.E. Kahn, Insulin resistance is the best predictor of the metabolic syndrome in subjects with a first-degree relative with type 2 diabetes, Obesity 18 (2010) 1781–1787.
[29] Q.M. Anstee, H.L. Reeves, E. Kotsiliti, O. Govaere, M. Heikenwalder, From NASH to HCC: current concepts and future challenges, Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 16 (2019) 411–428.
[30] X. Zhang, D. Zhou, R. Strakovsky, Y. Zhang, Y.X. Pan, Hepatic cellular senescence pathway genes are induced through histone modifications in a diet-induced obese rat model, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 302 (2012) G558–G564.
[31] M. Ogrodnik, S. Miwa, T. Tchkonia, D. Tiniakos, C.L. Wilson, A. Lahat, C.P. Day, A. Burt, A. Palmer, Q.M. Anstee, S.N. Grellscheid, J. Hoeijmakers, S. Barnhoorn, D.A. Mann, T.G. Bird, W.P. Vermeij, J.L. Kirkland, J.F. Passos, T. von Zglinicki, D. Jurk, Cellular senescence drives age-dependent hepatic steatosis, Nat. Commun. 8 (2017) 15691.
[32] A. Aravinthan, C. Scarpini, P. Tachtatzis, S. Verma, S. Penrhyn-Lowe, R. Harvey, S.E. Davies, M. Allison, N. Coleman, G. Alexander, Hepatocyte senescence predicts progression in non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease, J. Hepatol. 58 (2013) 549–556.
[33] W. Xue, L. Zender, C. Miething, R.A. Dickins, E. Hernando, V. Krizhanovsky, C. Cordon-Cardo, S.W. Lowe, Senescence and tumour clearance is triggered by p53 restoration in murine liver carcinomas, Nature 445 (2007) 656–660.
[34] T.W. Kang, T. Yevsa, N. Woller, L. Hoenicke, T. Wuestefeld, D. Dauch, A. Hohmeyer, M. Gereke, R. Rudalska, A. Potapova, M. Iken, M. Vucur, S. Weiss, M. Heikenwalder, S. Khan, J. Gil, D. Bruder, M. Manns, P. Schirmacher, F. Tacke, M. Ott, T. Luedde, T. Longerich, S. Kubicka, L. Zender, Senescence surveillance of pre-malignant hepatocytes limits liver cancer development, Nature 479 (2011) 547–551.
[35] A. Krtolica, S. Parrinello, S. Lockett, P.Y. Desprez, J. Campisi, Senescent fibroblasts promote epithelial cell growth and tumorigenesis: a link between cancer and aging, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 (2001) 12072–12077.
[36] S. Parrinello, J.P. Coppe, A. Krtolica, J. Campisi, Stromal-epithelial interactions in aging and cancer: senescent fibroblasts alter epithelial cell differentiation, J. Cell Sci. 118 (2005) 485–496.
[37] J.C. Acosta, A. Banito, T. Wuestefeld, A. Georgilis, P. Janich, J.P. Morton, D. Athineos, T.W. Kang, F. Lasitschka, M. Andrulis, G. Pascual, K.J. Morris, S. Khan, H. Jin, G. Dharmalingam, A.P. Snijders, T. Carroll, D. Capper, C. Pritchard, G. J. Inman, T. Longerich, O.J. Sansom, S.A. Benitah, L. Zender, J. Gil, A complex secretory program orchestrated by the inflammasome controls paracrine senescence, Nat. Cell Biol. 15 (2013) 978–990.
[38] K. Promrat, D.E. Kleiner, H.M. Niemeier, E. Jackvony, M. Kearns, J.R. Wands, J.L. Fava, R.R. Wing, Randomized controlled trial testing the effects of weight loss on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Hepatology 51 (2010) 121–129.
[39] E. Vilar-Gomez, Y. Martinez-Perez, L. Calzadilla-Bertot, A. Torres-Gonzalez, B. Gra- Oramas, L. Gonzalez-Fabian, S.L. Friedman, M. Diago, M. Romero-Gomez, Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Gastroenterology 149 (2015) 367–378, 367–78.e5.
[40] M.R. Cowie, M. Fisher, SGLT2 inhibitors: mechanisms of cardiovascular benefit beyond glycaemic control, Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 17 (2020) 761–772.
[41] F. Connor, T.F. Rayner, S.J. Aitken, C. Feig, M. Lukk, J. Santoyo-Lopez, D.T. Odom, Mutational landscape of a chemically-induced mouse model of liver cancer, J. Hepatol. 69 (2018) 840–850.
[42] M. Dow, R.M. Pyke, B.Y. Tsui, L.B. Alexandrov, H. Nakagawa, K. Taniguchi, E. Seki, O. Harismendy, S. Shalapour, M. Karin, H. Carter, J. Font-Burgada, Integrative genomic analysis of mouse and human hepatocellular carcinoma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 115 (2018) E9879–E9888.
[43] T. Cheuk-Fung Yip, V. Wai-Sun Wong, H. Lik-Yuen Chan, Y.K. Tse, A. Pik-Shan Kong, K. Long-Yan Lam, G. Chung-Yan Lui, G. Lai-Hung Wong, Effects of diabetes and glycemic control on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after seroclearance of hepatitis b surface antigen, Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 16 (2018) 765–773, 765–773.e762.