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11
Figure legends
Fig. 1 Flowchart for participant eligibility
Fig. 2 Age-adjusted prevalence of hypouricaemia from FY2009 to FY2018
Table 1 Characteristics of men in the final analysis population in FY2018
Hypouricaemia
Normouricaemia
Hyperuricaemia
Overall
Total
598
375,944
107,561
484,103
Age, years, mean
45.4
44.8
44.4
44.7
(11.0)
(10.7)
(10.1)
(10.5)
BMI, kg/m , mean
24.1
23.5
25.3
23.9
(SD)
(3.8)
(3.4)
(3.9)
(3.6)
Waist
84.6
83.2
88.0
84.3
(10.1)
(9.4)
(9.9)
(9.7)
(SD)
circumference,
P value
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
cm, mean (SD)
Smoking
206
34.5
131,217
34.9
37,630
35.0
169,053
34.9
0.8594
Drinking habits
384
64.2
249,405
66.3
79,501
73.9
329,290
68.0
<0.0001
Serum uric acid,
mg/dL,
median
0.7
5.8
7.6
6.1
(0.6, 1.0)
(5.2, 6.4)
(7.3, 8.2)
(5.4, 6.9)
81.1
80.2
75.2
79.1
(16.2)
(14.5)
(14.3)
(14.6)
<0.0001
(IQR)
eGFR,
mL/min/1.73
m2,
<0.0001
mean (SD)
Pre-existing diseases
Renal dysfunction
19
3.2
5,458
1.5
1,834
1.7
7,311
1.5
<0.0001
Hypertension
93
15.6
56,004
14.9
18,123
16.9
74,220
15.3
<0.0001
Diabetes mellitus
57
9.5
34,170
9.1
7,496
7.0
41,723
8.6
<0.0001
Dyslipidaemia
84
14.1
56,898
15.1
15,869
14.8
72,851
15.1
0.0068
Urinary stones
1.0
5,165
1.4
1,558
1.5
6,729
1.4
0.132
Ischaemic heart
18
3.0
9,576
2.6
2,472
2.3
12,066
2.5
<0.0001
Heart failure
14
2.3
7,076
1.9
2,105
2.0
9,195
1.9
0.208
Cerebrovascular
12
2.0
8,155
2.2
2,092
1.9
10,259
2.1
<0.0001
75
12.5
41,721
11.1
11,934
11.1
53,730
11.1
0.5315
1.3
773
0.2
202
0.2
983
0.2
<0.0001
0.0
69
0.0
14
0.0
83
0.0
0.4741
0.0
47
0.0
13
0.0
60
0.0
0.958
1.0
21,537
5.7
7,806
7.3
29,349
6.1
<0.0001
disease
disease
Neurological
disease
Parkinson's
disease
Alzheimer's
disease
Malignant tumour
History of medications
Urate-lowering
therapy
Antihypertensive
86
14.4
51,462
13.7
16,525
15.4
68,073
14.1
<0.0001
ACE inhibitors
1.0
2,529
0.7
769
0.7
3,304
0.7
0.2112
ARB
56
9.4
33,458
8.9
11,342
10.5
44,856
9.3
<0.0001
Diuretic drug
0.5
4,137
1.1
2,013
1.9
6,153
1.3
<0.0001
Antidiabetic drug
34
5.7
19,473
5.2
3,112
2.9
22,619
4.7
<0.0001
Antilipidemic drug
62
10.4
39,934
10.6
9,721
9.0
49,717
10.3
<0.0001
34
5.7
21,542
5.7
13,102
12.2
34,678
7.2
<0.0001
Hypertension
96
16.1
58,389
15.5
25,145
23.4
83,630
17.3
<0.0001
Diabetes mellitus
41
6.9
23,408
6.2
4,600
4.3
28,049
5.8
<0.0001
Dyslipidaemia
243
40.6
152,693
40.6
64,704
60.2
217,640
45.0
<0.0001
drug
Comorbidities
Reduced
kidney
function
SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; eGFR, estimated
glomerular filtration rate; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II
receptor blocker
Table 2 Characteristics of women in the final analysis population in FY2018
Hypouricaemia
Total
Normouricaemia
Hyperuricaemia
Overall
1,106
306,950
4,349
312,405
42.7
44.5
48.9
44.6
(9.2)
(10.2)
(10.0)
(10.2)
20.8
21.8
26.5
21.8
(SD)
(3.1)
(3.6)
(5.7)
(3.7)
Waist circumference,
74.7
77.4
89.3
77.6
cm, mean (SD)
(8.6)
(9.6)
(12.9)
(9.7)
Age,
years,
mean
(SD)
BMI,
kg/m ,
mean
P value
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
Smoking
92
8.3
27,438
8.9
685
15.8
28,215
9.0
<0.0001
Drinking habits
410
37.1
132,562
43.2
2,124
48.8
135,096
43.2
<0.0001
Serum
uric
mg/dL,
acid,
median
1.8
4.4
7.5
4.4
(0.8, 2.0)
(3.8, 5.0)
(7.2, 7.9)
(3.8, 5.1)
90.2
81.6
70.1
81.4
(20.1)
(15.6)
(17.1)
(15.7)
<0.0001
(IQR)
eGFR,
mL/min/1.73
m , mean (SD)
<0.0001
Pre-existing diseases
Renal dysfunction
0.5
2,848
0.9
177
4.1
3,030
1.0
<0.0001
Hypertension
54
4.9
25,273
8.2
1313
30.2
26,640
8.5
<0.0001
Diabetes mellitus
46
4.2
13,695
4.5
581
13.4
14,322
4.6
<0.0001
Dyslipidaemia
80
7.2
32,832
10.7
1107
25.5
34,019
10.9
<0.0001
Urinary stones
0.6
1,612
0.5
56
1.3
1675
0.5
<0.0001
10
0.9
3,782
1.2
148
3.4
3,940
1.3
<0.0001
Heart failure
12
1.1
3,086
1.0
187
4.3
3,285
1.1
<0.0001
Cerebrovascular
0.7
4,833
1.6
177
4.1
5,018
1.6
<0.0001
Neurological disease
147
13.3
38,837
12.7
880
20.2
39,864
12.8
<0.0001
Parkinson's disease
0.5
799
0.3
36
0.8
841
0.3
<0.0001
Alzheimer's disease
0.0
51
0.0
0.1
54
0.0
0.0303
Malignant tumour
0.1
371
0.1
0.1
378
0.1
0.9096
0.1
615
0.2
133
3.1
749
0.2
<0.0001
Antihypertensive drug
53
4.8
23,542
7.7
1,266
29.1
24,861
8.0
<0.0001
ACE inhibitors
0.0
682
0.2
50
1.2
732
0.2
<0.0001
ARB
27
2.4
12,335
4.0
860
19.8
13,222
4.2
<0.0001
Diuretic drug
0.7
2,910
1.0
249
5.7
3,167
1.0
<0.0001
Antidiabetic drug
24
2.2
5,008
1.6
227
5.2
5,259
1.7
<0.0001
Antilipidemic drug
54
4.9
22,353
7.3
759
17.5
23,166
7.4
<0.0001
21
1.9
16,591
5.4
1142
26.3
17,754
5.7
<0.0001
Hypertension
61
5.5
25,941
8.5
1115
25.6
27,117
8.7
<0.0001
Diabetes mellitus
25
2.3
6,275
2.0
383
8.8
6,683
2.1
<0.0001
Dyslipidaemia
204
18.4
81,502
26.6
2604
59.9
84,310
27.0
<0.0001
Ischaemic
heart
disease
disease
History of medications
Urate-lowering
therapy
Comorbidities
Reduced
kidney
function
SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; eGFR, estimated
glomerular filtration rate; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II
receptor blocker
...
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