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Scaling laws for turbulent relative dispersion in two-dimensional energy inverse-cascade turbulence

Kishi, Tatsuro 京都大学 DOI:10.14989/doctor.k22984

2021.03.23

概要

乱流は時空的に乱れた強非線形・強非平衡な運動状態であり,流体として記述できる現象であれば,素粒子から宇宙までスケールに依らず普遍的に観測される.とりわけ,発達した乱流は熱揺らぎに比べ桁違いに大きな混合や輸送能力を持つために,その輸送現象の理解は乱流研究の中心的課題となってきた.

揺らぎにおいて1粒子拡散が基本であるように,乱流輸送では,乱流の自己相似性を直接反映する2粒子の相対拡散をその基礎として研究されている.この2粒子相対拡散はRichardsonによってスケールに依存した拡散係数を持つ異常拡散として19 26年に定式化され,相対距離の2乗が経過時間の3乗に比例する(Richardson-Obu khov則)ことが導かれた.その後,良く知られた1941年のKolmogorovの現象論(K41)を適用することでもRichardson-Obukhov則が導かれた.しかしながら,K 41に従う慣性領域が観測される乱流場において多くの実験や数値シミュレーションが行われたにも拘わらず,この法則は確認されていない.ただし,特定の初期相対距離に対してのみ時間の3乗に比例することが示されており,この意味で乱流相対拡散は長い研究の歴史にも拘わらず未解決の課題である.

本学位論文では,流体粒子を追跡するラグランジュ表示での経過時間に依存する統計量に着目し,Richardson-Obukhov則とKolmogorovの現象論の非整合性の解決を目指している.Kolmogorovの現象論では,スケール間の独立な自己相似的エネルギーカスケード過程において散逸率とスケールを用いた次元解析を行う.しかし,2粒子相対拡散に対して適用すると,経過時間を散逸率とスケール(相対距離)で表現するため,ラグランジュ的な時間に関する相関を適切に表せない.第1章では,以上の研究背景を基に問題設定及び基礎的な知識が鳥瞰的に述べられている.

第2章では,実験や数値計算で観察された初期相対距離依存性を取り除くため,2つの隣接するスケール間を最初に通過する時間(初通過時間)を用いたフィルター法を提案する.このフィルターは,Richardson-Obukhov則に従う粒子対を選択的に取り出す.相対的に伸長が遅い粒子対と速い粒子対は相対距離の時間発展に相反的に寄与すること,粒子対の割合が初期相対距離に依存することを勘案することで,Richards on-Obukhov則からのずれやラグランジュ速度相関の初期相対距離依存性の理解を深めた.

第3章では,初期相対距離依存性や有限サイズ効果を積極的に評価するために,バッキンガムのΠ定理を用いて次元解析を拡張しラグランジュ速度2点相関関数に適用する.この結果,次元解析から求まらない2つのスケーリング指数が導入され,直接数値シミュレーションを用いて指数の値を評価した.また,特定の初期相対距離で観測された時間3乗則は,二つの新たな指数で表される2つの相反する効果が打ち消しあうことで実現されるものでRichardson-Obukhov則とは異なること,またレイノルズ数無限大の極限においても有限サイズ効果の寄与を示唆する結果を得た.

第4章は学位論文全体のまとめに充てられている。

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