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大学・研究所にある論文を検索できる 「骨インプラント用バイオポリマー/バイオセラミック複合材料の開発と評価」の論文概要。リケラボ論文検索は、全国の大学リポジトリにある学位論文・教授論文を一括検索できる論文検索サービスです。
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骨インプラント用バイオポリマー/バイオセラミック複合材料の開発と評価

ジョン, ジェームズ, ダックワース DUCKWORTH, JOHN, JAMES 九州大学

2020.09.25

概要

Biomaterials have been investigated in recent years with regards to many kinds of implant surgeries. Especially on surgeries involving bone repair, traditional materials such as stainless steel, titanium and polyethylene have proven extremely useful, and have served remarkably well over the last century. However, these materials do have many shortcomings, such as low bioactivity, poor osseointegration, internal loosing and displacement, stress shielding, and no bioresorbability. There are many reasons to believe that biomaterials, specifically composites of biopolymers and bioceramics, are well suited to overcome these limitations. These problems and the biomaterials which show promise for overcoming them are fully explained in Chapter 1.

In Chapter 2, a series of biomaterial composites were successfully fabricated using calcium phosphate microbeads and three kinds of biopolymer as the matrix; PLLA, PCL and a 50:50 blend of the two. The methods for fabricating calcium phosphate beads were optimized and the beads characterized using XRD and SEM imaging. Investigations into the material properties of the novel biomaterials showed that microbead inclusion caused a slight increase in stiffness for PLLA and PCL, but instead a sharp decrease in stiffness for the blend. Fracture toughness as measured by KIC and Gin slightly decreased for the PLLA and blended polymer with microbead inclusion, however for PCL the value of KIC barely changed at all.

The mechanism of fracture for each material was also investigated, revealing that each biocomposite fractured under different conditions. Once microbeads were added, PLLA fractured by a two phase mechanism caused by intrusion of the polymer into the microbead. In PCL and the blended polymer, microbeads pulled out during fracture as the polymer did not intrude upon them, and both showed ductile fracture characteristics. The reduced fracture toughness of the blended polymer was hypothesized to be caused by the distinct boundary layer which was seen to form at the bead interface in only this material. This layer was absent from the bead interfaces with PCL. This system was also investigated using FE analysis to help establish the fracture mechanism, and fracture locations and SED supported the theory. Overall, this research shows that inclusion of microbeads into biopolymers is a promising avenue for research. By understanding the difference in mechanisms of fracture caused in different materials, we can understand which might be used to improve in the future.

In Chapter 3, a different application of biopolymer/bioceramic composites was investigated. PLCL fibres of four different average lengths were produced, and successfully incorporated into a dicalcium phosphate dihydrate matrix to be investigated as a potential novel biomaterial for kyphoplasty surgery. Fibres were characterized by length using SEM imaging, and the effect of fibre length on compressive strength and compressive elastic modulus of the biocomposite was investigated. . It was shown that by including PLCL fibres of average length 400µm into the bioceramic, the compressive strength of the material doubled. The fibres also had the effect of reducing the compressive elastic modulus drastically, making the material as flexible as cancellous bone. This is another excellent result, as the high stiffness of materials used for kyphoplasty has previously been blamed for many complications after surgery. Secondarily, the packing of the fibres within the material was investigated. A parameter, ρ, was established to represent fibre packing within the material. Micro-CT scans and FE modelling were used to successfully correlate ρ with fibre length, and suggest a mechanism for why the compressive elastic modulus of the composite material dropped so significantly.

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