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Acknowledgements

The SANS experiments using Quokka at ANSTO were performed under Proposal No. 5744, 6161, and 7005,

respectively. This work was supported by MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP17K07361, JP19KK0071,

JP20K06579 to R. I., JP19K16088 to K. M., JP17K07816 to N. S., JP20K22629 to M. Shimizu, JP18H05229,

JP18H05534, and JP18H03681 to M. Sugiyama). This was also partially supported by the Sasakawa Scientific

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Research Grant from The Japan Science Society to A. O. Travel expenses for the SANS experiment with Quokka

at ANSTO, Australia, were supported by the General User Program for Neutron Scattering Experiments, Institute

for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo (Proposal No. 17537), at JRR-3, Japan Atomic Energy Agency,

Tokai, Japan. This study was partially supported by the Radiation Application Development Association (RADA)

under the MEXT Support Program for Overseas Facility Users. This work was also partially supported by the

KumatorI Deuteration Station Project (KIDS Project) and project for Construction of the basis for advanced

materials science and analytical study by the innovative use of quantum beams and nuclear sciences at the

Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University. This work is partly supported by the

deuteration laboratory at the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility at J-PARC.

Author contributions

R.I., Y.S., T.T., and N.F. prepared the hydrogenated and partially deuterated αB-crystallin. R.I., Y.S., K.M., K.W.,

N.S., A.O., M.S., R.U., and M.S. performed SANS experiments, and R.I., Y.S. and M.S. analyzed the SANS data.

K.M. performed FT-IR measurements on buffer and determined the ­D2O ratio of buffer. A.O. performed MALDITOF MS measurements and determined the degree of deuteration of partially deuterated αB-crystallin. Y.S. and

K.M. performed the AUC measurements and analyzed the AUC data. R.I. and Y.S. performed DLS measurements

and analyzed the DLS data. R.I., Y.S., and M.S. performed calculations for the modeling of subunit exchange.

R.I. and M.S. designed the research, and all authors wrote the paper.

Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https​://doi.

org/10.1038/s4159​8-021-82250​-z.

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