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Proposal and verification of improvement measures to raise operational efficiency in distribution centers (本文)

角, 晴美子 慶應義塾大学

2022.03.23

概要

The role of distribution centers has expanded these days from a burden that does not produce any profit but cost to a place that adds value to supply chain management. Since each sector such as factories has faced its limit of productivity, the efficiency in supply chain has been reconsidered. Also, due to the development of the Internet, information may now be transferred quickly, and distribution centers have become the origin of competition. Under these backgrounds in recent logistics environments, this research investigated measures to improve operational efficiency in distribution centers and verified their performances.

In this research, improving work efficiency in distribution centers has been considered by categorizing into two types: transfer-type and inventory-type. In the former, items received from multiple producers are stored temporarily and redistributed towards next destinations. In the latter, items are stored as inventories beforehand, and they are picked up and shipped to them according to the order of customers. Measures to improve work efficiency in both types of distribution centers are suggested and the travel distance of items is mainly evaluated using mathematical models.

Regarding the efficiency improvement in transfer-type distribution centers, arrival and shipping dates of items are utilized to determine the storage location of items. Under both situations where arrival and shipping dates of items in the whole planning horizon are known beforehand and where they are uncertain are discussed. In the former, properties obtained with greedy policies to determine storage locations of items have also been proved and investigated. In the latter, a greedy policy which utilizes arrival dates of items is improved to determine the storage locations

Regarding the efficiency improvement in inventory-type distribution centers, changing floor layout and implementing class based storage are considered. ①Inserting a diagonal aisle to access more directly to the destination, ②replacing the entrance/exit to shorten travel distance of items, and ③introducing class based storage locations based on the demand of items are suggested, and the performances are compared. Then implementing them at the same time has been discussed for further improvements.

Under the situation that improvements in distribution centers have stronger effects on supply chain management these days, this study has evaluated the improvement measures of distribution centers using mathematical models. The results may give suggestions when selecting which measures to introduce in distribution centers.

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