1. Turkiewicz, A.; Gerhardsson de Verdier, M.; Engstrom, G.; Nilsson, P.M.; Mellstrom, C.; Lohmander, L.S.; Englund, M. Prevalence of knee pain and knee OA in southern Sweden and the proportion that seeks medical care. Rheumatology 2015, 54, 827–835. [CrossRef]
2. Baliunas, A.J.; Hurwitz, D.E.; Ryals, A.B.; Karrar, A.; Case, J.P.; Block, J.A.; Andriacchi, T.P. Increased knee joint loads during walking are present in subjects with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 2002, 10, 573–579. [CrossRef]
3. Andriacchi, T.P.; Mundermann, A. The role of ambulatory mechanics in the initiation and progression of knee osteoarthritis. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 2006, 18, 514–518. [CrossRef]
4. Hurwitz, D.E.; Ryals, A.B.; Case, J.P.; Block, J.A.; Andriacchi, T.P. The knee adduction moment during gait in subjects with knee osteoarthritis is more closely correlated with static alignment than radiographic disease severity, toe out angle and pain. J. Orthop. Res. 2002, 20, 101–107. [CrossRef]
5. Miyazaki, T.; Wada, M.; Kawahara, H.; Sato, M.; Baba, H.; Shimada, S. Dynamic load at baseline can predict radiographic disease progression in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2002, 61, 617–622. [CrossRef]
6. Chehab, E.F.; Favre, J.; Erhart-Hledik, J.C.; Andriacchi, T.P. Baseline knee adduction and flexion moments during walking are both associated with 5 year cartilage changes in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 2014, 22, 1833–1839. [CrossRef]
7. Andriacchi, T.P.; Koo, S.; Scanlan, S.F. Gait mechanics influence healthy cartilage morphology and osteoarthritis of the knee. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 2009, 91 (Suppl. 1), 95–101. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. Liu, T.; Inoue, Y.; Shibata, K.; Shiojima, K.; Han, M.M. Triaxial joint moment estimation using a wearable three-dimensional gait analysis system. Measurement 2014, 47, 125–129. [CrossRef]
9. Khurelbaatar, T.; Kim, K.; Lee, S.; Kim, Y.H. Consistent accuracy in whole-body joint kinetics during gait using wearable inertial motion sensors and in-shoe pressure sensors. Gait Posture 2015, 42, 65–69. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. Kellgren, J.; Lawrence, J. Radiological assesment of osteo-arthrosis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 1957, 16, 494. [CrossRef]
11. Schiphof, D.; Boers, M.; Bierma-Zeinstra, S.M. Differences in descriptions of Kellgren and Lawrence grades of knee osteoarthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2008, 67, 1034–1036. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. Luyten, F.P.; Bierma-Zeinstra, S.; Dell’Accio, F.; Kraus, V.B.; Nakata, K.; Sekiya, I.; Arden, N.K.; Lohmander, L.S. Toward classification criteria for early osteoarthritis of the knee. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 2018, 47, 457–463. [CrossRef]
13. Kudo, K.; Nagura, T.; Harato, K.; Kobayashi, S.; Niki, Y.; Matsumoto, M.; Nakamura, M. Correlation between static limb alignment and peak knee adduction angle during gait is affected by subject pain in medial knee osteoarthritis. Knee 2020, 27, 348–355. [CrossRef]
14. Konrath, J.M.; Karatsidis, A.; Schepers, H.M.; Bellusci, G.; de Zee, M.; Andersen, M.S. Estimation of the Knee Adduction Moment and Joint Contact Force during Daily Living Activities Using Inertial Motion Capture. Sensors 2019, 19, 1681. [CrossRef]
15. Karatsidis, A.; Bellusci, G.; Schepers, H.M.; de Zee, M.; Andersen, M.S.; Veltink, P.H. Estimation of Ground Reaction Forces and Moments During Gait Using Only Inertial Motion Capture. Sensors 2016, 17, 75. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
16. Chang, A.; Hayes, K.; Dunlop, D.; Hurwitz, D.; Song, J.; Cahue, S.; Genge, R.; Sharma, L. Thrust during ambulation and the progression of knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004, 50, 3897–3903. [CrossRef]
17. Kuroyanagi, Y.; Nagura, T.; Kiriyama, Y.; Matsumoto, H.; Otani, T.; Toyama, Y.; Suda, Y. A quantitative assessment of varus thrust in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. Knee 2012, 19, 130–134. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
18. Mahmoudian, A.; van Dieen, J.H.; Bruijn, S.M.; Baert, I.A.; Faber, G.S.; Luyten, F.P.; Verschueren, S.M. Varus thrust in women with early medial knee osteoarthritis and its relation with the external knee adduction moment. Clin. Biomech. 2016, 39, 109–114. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
19. Ogata, K.; Yasunaga, M.; Nomiyama, H. The effect of wedged insoles on the thrust of osteoarthritic knees. Int. Orthop. 1997, 21, 308–312. [CrossRef]
20. Harato, K.; Nagura, T.; Matsumoto, H.; Otani, T.; Toyama, Y.; Suda, Y. A gait analysis of simulated knee flexion contracture to elucidate knee-spine syndrome. Gait Posture 2008, 28, 687–692. [CrossRef]
21. Hunt, M.A.; Birmingham, T.B.; Bryant, D.; Jones, I.; Giffin, J.R.; Jenkyn, T.R.; Vandervoort, A.A. Lateral trunk lean explains variation in dynamic knee joint load in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 2008, 16, 591–599. [CrossRef]
22. Hunt, M.A.; Wrigley, T.V.; Hinman, R.S.; Bennell, K.L. Individuals with severe knee osteoarthritis (OA) exhibit altered proximal walking mechanics compared with individuals with less severe OA and those without knee pain. Arthritis Care Res. 2010, 62, 1426–1432. [CrossRef]
23. Iijima, H.; Shimoura, K.; Ono, T.; Aoyama, T.; Takahashi, M. Proximal gait adaptations in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Biomech. 2019, 87, 127–141. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. Muraki, S.; Akune, T.; En-Yo, Y.; Yoshida, M.; Suzuki, T.; Yoshida, H.; Ishibashi, H.; Tokimura, F.; Yamamoto, S.; Tanaka, S.; et al. Joint space narrowing, body mass index, and knee pain: The ROAD study (OAC1839R1). Osteoarthr. Cartil. 2015, 23, 874–881. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
25. Muraki, S.; Oka, H.; Akune, T.; Mabuchi, A.; En-yo, Y.; Yoshida, M.; Saika, A.; Suzuki, T.; Yoshida, H.; Ishibashi, H.; et al. Prevalence of radiographic knee osteoarthritis and its association with knee pain in the elderly of Japanese population-based cohorts: The ROAD study. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 2009, 17, 1137–1143. [CrossRef] [PubMed]