1. Japan Organ Transplant Network. Available at: https://www. jotnw.or.jp/sp/. Accessed February 17, 2020
2. Japanese Society for Heart Transplantation. Available at: https:// www.asas.or.jp/jst/. Accessed February 17, 2020
3. Smith MM, Barbara DW, Mauermann WJ, et al: Morbidity and mortality associated with dental extraction before cardiac operation. Ann Thorac Surg 97:838, 2014
4. Lund JP, Drews T, Hetzer R, Reichart PA: Oral surgical management of patients with mechanical circulatory support. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 31:629, 2002
5. Lehnert AL, Hart A, Brouse SD, et al: Left ventricular assist device-related infections: Does the time of onset matter? J Artif Organs 22:98, 2019
6. Topkara VK, Kondareddy S, Malik F, et al: Infectious complications in patients with left ventricular assist device: Etiology and outcomes in the continuous-flow era. Ann Thorac Surg 90:1270, 2010
7. Suresh V, Bishawi M, Manning MW, et al: Management of patients with left ventricular assist devices requiring teeth extraction: Is halting anticoagulation appropriate? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 76: 1859, 2018
8. Morimoto Y, Nakatani T, Yokoe C, et al: Haemostatic management for oral surgery inpatients supported with left ventricular assist device—A preliminary retrospective study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 53:991, 2015
9. Hamzah NA, Graf HL, Meyer AL, et al: Haemostasis in oral surgical procedures involving patients with a ventricular assist device [published online July 30, 2019]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2020 in press
10. Lockhart PB, Delong HR, Lipman RD, et al: Effect of dental treatment before cardiac valve surgery. JADA 150:739, 2019
11. Japanese Circulation Society. [Guidelines for prevention and treatment of infective endocarditis (JCS 2017)]. Available at: www.j-circ.or.jp/guideline/pdf/JCS2017_nakatani_h.pdf. Accessed February 17, 2020 (in Japanese)
12. Morimoto Y, Niwa H, Minematsu K: Hemostatic management of tooth extractions in patients on oral antithrombotic therapy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 66:51, 2008
13. Japanese Society of Dentistry for Medically Compromised Patients, Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, Japanese Society of Gerodontology. [Guidelines for tooth extraction in antithrombotic patients revised 2015]. Available at: https://minds.jcqhc.or.jp/n/med/4/med0155/G0000741/ 0001. Accessed February 17, 2020 (in Japanese)
14. Uriel N, Pak SW, Jorde UP, et al: Acquired von Willebrand syndrome after continuous-flow mechanical device support contributes to a high prevalence of bleeding during long-term support and at the time of transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 56:1207, 2010
15. Heilmann C, Geisen U, Beyersdorf F, et al: Acquired von Willebrand syndrome is an early-onset problem in ventricular assist device patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 40:1328, 2011
16. Dassanayaka S, Slaughter MS, Bartoli CR: Mechanistic pathway(s) of acquired von Willebrand syndrome with a continuous-flow ventricular assist device: In vitro findings. ASAIO J 59:123, 2013
17. Ohba S, Yoshimura H, Matsuda S, et al: Risk factors for postoperative bleeding after minor oral surgery in patients treated with antithrombotic agents. Odontology 103:227, 2015
18. Xydonas S, Parissis J, Lioni L, et al: Immunosenescence in patients with chronic systolic heart failure. J Cardiovasc Med 17: 624, 2016
19. Bartoli CR, Kang J, Zhang D, et al: Left ventricular assist device design reduces von Willebrand factor degradation: A comparative study between the HeartMate II and the EVAHEART left ventricular assist system. Ann Thorac Surg 103:1239, 2017
20. Saito S, Yamazaki K, Nishinaka T, et al: Post-approval study of a highly pulsed, low-shear-rate, continuous-flow, left ventricular assist device, EVAHEART: A Japanese multicenter study using J-MACS. J Heart Lung Transplant 33:599, 2014
21. Meyer AL, Malehsa D, Budde U, et al: Acquired von Willebrand syndrome in patients with a centrifugal or axial continuous flow left ventricular assist device. JACC Heart Fail 2:141, 2014
22. Fraser KH, Zhang T, Taskin ME, et al: A quantitative comparison of mechanical blood damage parameters in rotary ventricular assist devices: Shear stress, exposure time and hemolysis index. J Biomech Eng 134:0810021, 2012
23. Sung EC, Brar LK, Chung E, et al: Dental treatment in the cardiothoracic intensive care unit for patients with ventricular assist devices awaiting heart transplant: A case series. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 118:194, 2014
24. [Japanese Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (J-MACS) Statistical Report]. Available at: http://www. info.pmda.go.jp/kyoten_kiki/track.html. Accessed February 17, 2020 (in Japanese)
25. Lietz K, Long JW, Kfoury AG, et al: Outcomes of left ventricular assist device implantation as destination therapy in the postREMATCH era: Implications for patient selection. Circulation 116:497, 2007
26. Archer GL: Alteration of cutaneous staphylococcal flora as a consequence of antimicrobial prophylaxis. Rev Inf Dis 13: S805, 1991
27. Terpstra S, Noordhoek GT, Voesten HG, et al: Rapid emergence of resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci on the skin after antibiotic prophylaxis. J Hosp Infect 43:195, 1999