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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Medical Research Council (Future Leaders Fellowship
MR/S031812/1), by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 26116713
(J.-M.F.); Grant-in-aid for Young Scientists 26870283 (J.-M.F.); Grant-in-aid for
Scientific Research A 18H04015 (H.O.)), and by a grant for Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency CREST/
JPMJCR14W3 (H.O.). J.-M.F. was also supported by grants from the Kato Memorial
Bioscience Foundation, the Senri Life Science Foundation (S-26003), the Mochida
Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, and the Kyoto
University internal grant ISHIZUE. We thank Dr. Carolina Greco for the HA-AHCY
vector, and Prof Mark Helm for his advice on methylated nucleotides quantification.
The authors would like to acknowledge the help of Dr. Peter Briggs for the use of the
local Galaxy service provided by the Bioinformatics Core Facility and IT Services at
the University of Manchester.
Author contributions
J.-M.F. designed the project, performed experiments, and wrote the paper. K.F., K.I.,
S.Y., M.Y., and Y.T. contributed to the experiments shown in Figs. 1–3. B.S. contributed to the experiments shown in Figs. 3–5. G.T. produced MS data shown in
Fig. 4c. A.H. generated raw RNAseq data used in Fig. 5b. H.O. contributed to the
design of the project.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material
available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03280-5.
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Hitoshi Okamura or
Jean-Michel Fustin.
Peer review information Communications Biology thanks the anonymous reviewers for
their contribution to the peer review of this work. Primary Handling Editors: ZhengJiang Zhu and Gene Chong. Peer reviewer reports are available.
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