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焙煎大麦抽出物(麦茶)の健康機能性に関する研究

足海, 洋史 東京大学 DOI:10.15083/0002004137

2022.06.22

概要

麦茶は焙煎した大麦を熱水抽出した飲み物であり、カフェインが含まれずカロリーも低いため、手軽に飲める飲料として幅広い世代のヒトに飲用されている。麦茶は日常的に飲用される飲み物であるが、麦茶を対象とした基礎研究報告は少ない。都市化された生活環境下では、冷え性による生活の質(QOL: Quality of Life)低下を感じる人が増えている。冷え性は皮膚温低下に伴う皮膚血流量低下により、頭痛や肩こりなどが引き起こされ、QOLを著しく低下させる。そこで、冷え症によるQOL低下改善を目的とし、麦茶摂取が皮膚血流量および皮膚温に与える影響を調べた。

はじめに、麦茶のラット皮膚血流量低下緩和効果を明らかにした。また、その効果は麦茶に用いる原料大麦の焙煎度が高くなるにつれ強くなる事を明らかにした。これらの結果から、大麦を焙煎する事により生じる成分に皮膚血流量低下緩和効果がある可能性が示唆された。そこで、大麦を焙煎する事により生じる香気成分(ピラジン化合物)および呈味成分(ジケトピペラジン)が皮膚血流量低下に与える影響を評価した。その結果、2-Ethylpyrazineおよびcyclo(D-Phe-L-Pro)がラット皮膚血流量低下緩和効果を有する事を明らかにした。さらに、それらの効果は血管内皮依存的な一酸化窒素産生経路を介している可能性を明らかにした。また、大麦の焙煎度が麦茶中の2-Ethylpyrazineおよびcyclo(D-Phe-L-Pro)含量に与える影響を評価し、大麦の焙煎度が高くなる事によってcyclo(D-Phe-L-Pro)含量が麦茶中で高くなる事を明らかにした。これらの結果から、cyclo(D-Phe-L-Pro)が麦茶の皮膚血流量低下緩和効果を説明しうる成分である事を明らかにした。

次に、麦茶が冷え性の自覚症状がある女性に対して冷水負荷後のヒト皮膚血流量低下緩和効果およびヒト皮膚温低下緩和効果を有する事を明らかにした。さらに、麦茶が健常な成人男女に対して冷房環境下におけるヒト皮膚血流量低下緩和効果およびヒト皮膚温低下緩和効果を有する事も明らかにした。これらの結果から、麦茶は幅広い対象者に対して、皮膚血流量低下緩和効果および皮膚温低下緩和効果を発揮し、冷え性によるQOL低下を緩和する可能性が示された。

本研究により、麦茶は皮膚血流量低下緩和効果および皮膚温低下緩和効果を有する事が明らかになり、冷え性によるQOL低下を緩和させる飲料の開発が期待される。

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120.消費者庁.特定保健用食品の表示許可等について(平成26年10月30日付け消食表第259 号).

121.消費者庁.機能性表示食品の届け出等に関するガイドライン(平成 30 年 3 月 28 日付け消食 表第 156 号: http://www.caa.go.jp/policies/policy/food_labeling/foods_with_function_claims/pdf/food_with _function_clains_180328_0001.pdf).

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