1. Biesecker, L. G. & Green, R. C. Diagnostic clinical genome and exome sequencing. N. Engl. J. Med. 371(12), 1170 (2014).
2. Tsimberidou, A. M. et al. Personalized medicine for patients with advanced cancer in the phase I program at MD Anderson: Validation and landmark analyses. Clin. Cancer Res. 20(18), 4827–4836 (2014).
3. Kou, T. et al. Clinical sequencing using a next-generation sequencing-based multiplex gene assay in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Sci. 108(7), 1440–1446 (2017).
4. Jiang, J. et al. Epidermal growth factor-independent transformation of Ba/F3 cells with cancer-derived epidermal growth factor receptor mutants induces geftinib-sensitive cell cycle progression. Cancer Res. 65(19), 8968–8974 (2005).
5. Ross, J. S. et al. Targeting HER2 in colorectal cancer: Te landscape of amplifcation and short variant mutations in ERBB2 and ERBB3. Cancer 124(7), 1358–1373 (2018).
6. Loree, J. M. et al. Molecular landscape of ERBB2/ERBB3 mutated colorectal cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 110(12), 1409–1417 (2018).
7. Hynes, N. E. & Lane, H. A. ERBB receptors and cancer: Te complexity of targeted inhibitors. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 5(5), 341–354 (2005).
8. Baselga, J. et al. Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel for metastatic breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 366(2), 109–119 (2012).
9. Bang, Y. J. et al. Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (ToGA): A phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 376(9742), 687–697 (2010).
10. Connell, C. M. & Doherty, G. J. Activating HER2 mutations as emerging targets in multiple solid cancers. ESMO Open. 2(5), e000279 (2017).
11. Hyman, D. M. et al. HER kinase inhibition in patients with HER2- and HER3-mutant cancers. Nature 554(7691), 189–194 (2018).
12. Bose, R. et al. Activating HER2 mutations in HER2 gene amplifcation negative breast cancer. Cancer Discov. 3(2), 224–237 (2013).
13. Perera, S. A. et al. HER2YVMA drives rapid development of adenosquamous lung tumors in mice that are sensitive to BIBW2992 and rapamycin combination therapy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 106(2), 474–479 (2009).
14. Yaeger, R. et al. Clinical sequencing defnes the genomic landscape of metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell 33(1), 125-36e3 (2018).
15. Kavuri, S. M. et al. HER2 activating mutations are targets for colorectal cancer treatment. Cancer Discov. 5(8), 832–841 (2015).
16. Wheler, J. J. et al. Cancer therapy directed by comprehensive genomic profling: A single center study. Cancer Res. 76(13), 3690–3701 (2016).
17. Lee, J. W. et al. Somatic mutations of ERBB2 kinase domain in gastric, colorectal, and breast carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res. 12(1), 57–61 (2006).
18. Mar, N., Vredenburgh, J. J. & Wasser, J. S. Targeting HER2 in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 87(3), 220–225 (2015).
19. Alvarez, A., Barisone, G. A. & Diaz, E. Focus formation: A cell-based assay to determine the oncogenic potential of a gene. J. Vis. Exp. 94, 51742 (2014).
20. Warmuth, M., Kim, S., Gu, X. J., Xia, G. & Adrian, F. Ba/F3 cells and their use in kinase drug discovery. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 19(1), 55–60 (2007).
21. Eguchi, M., Nguyen, C., Lee, S. C. & Kahn, M. ICG-001, a novel small molecule regulator of TCF/beta-catenin transcription. Med. Chem. 1(5), 467–472 (2005).
22. Zabransky, D. J. et al. HER2 missense mutations have distinct efects on oncogenic signaling and migration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 112(45), E6205–E6214 (2015).
23. Markowitz, S. D. & Bertagnolli, M. M. Molecular origins of cancer: Molecular basis of colorectal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 361(25), 2449–2460 (2009).
24. Morin, P. J. et al. Activation of beta-catenin-Tcf signaling in colon cancer by mutations in beta-catenin or APC. Science 275(5307), 1787–1790 (1997).
25. Yun, M. S., Kim, S. E., Jeon, S. H., Lee, J. S. & Choi, K. Y. Both ERK and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways are involved in Wnt3a-induced proliferation. J. Cell Sci. 118(Pt 2), 313–322 (2005).
26. Park, K. S. et al. APC inhibits ERK pathway activation and cellular proliferation induced by RAS. J. Cell Sci. 119(Pt 5), 819–827 (2006).
27. Jeong, W. J. et al. Ras stabilization through aberrant activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling promotes intestinal tumorigenesis. Sci. Signal. 5(219), ra30 (2012).
28. Jeong, W. J., Ro, E. J. & Choi, K. Y. Interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and RAS-ERK pathways and an anti-cancer strategy via degradations of beta-catenin and RAS by targeting the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Npj Precis. Oncol. 2, 1–10 (2018).
29. Sartore-Bianchi, A. et al. Dual-targeted therapy with trastuzumab and lapatinib in treatment-refractory, KRAS codon 12/13 wildtype, HER2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer (HERACLES): A proof-of-concept, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 17(6), 738–746 (2016).
30. Meric-Bernstam, F. et al. Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab for HER2-amplifed metastatic colorectal cancer (MyPathway): An updated report from a multicentre, open-label, phase 2a, multiple basket study. Lancet Oncol. 20(4), 518–530 (2019).
31. Siena, S. et al. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201) in patients with HER2-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer (DESTINYCRC01): A multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 22(6), 779–789 (2021).
32. Yang, J. C. et al. Afatinib versus cisplatin-based chemotherapy for EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma (LUX-Lung 3 and LUX-Lung 6): Analysis of overall survival data from two randomised, phase 3 trials. Lancet Oncol. 16(2), 141–151 (2015).
33. Yamamoto, H. et al. Terapeutic potential of afatinib for cancers with ERBB2 (HER2) transmembrane domain mutations G660D and V659E. Oncologist. 23(2), 150–154 (2018).
34. Liu, G., Zhan, X., Dong, C. & Liu, L. Genomics alterations of metastatic and primary tissues across 15 cancer types. Sci. Rep. 7(1), 13262 (2017).
35. Patel, S. A., Rodrigues, P., Wesolowski, L. & Vanharanta, S. Genomic control of metastasis. Br. J. Cancer. 124(1), 3–12 (2021).
36. Johannessen, C. M. et al. COT drives resistance to RAF inhibition through MAP kinase pathway reactivation. Nature 468(7326), 968–972 (2010).
37. Shimamura, T. et al. Non-small-cell lung cancer and Ba/F3 transformed cells harboring the ERBB2 G776insV_G/C mutation are sensitive to the dual-specifc epidermal growth factor receptor and ERBB2 inhibitor HKI-272. Cancer Res. 66(13), 6487–6491 (2006).
38. Sanjana, N. E., Shalem, O. & Zhang, F. Improved vectors and genome-wide libraries for CRISPR screening. Nat. Methods. 11(8), 783–784 (2014).
39. Ohashi, S. et al. Synthetic lethality with trifuridine/tipiracil and checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol. Cancer Ter. 19(6), 1363–1372 (2020).