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Screening of sleep apnea based on heart rate variability and long short-term memory.

IWASAKI Ayako NAKAYAMA Chikao FUJIWARA Koichi 10642514 0000-0002-2929-0561 SUMI Yukiyoshi 10772923 0000-0001-6775-0883 MATSUO Masahiro 70456838 KANO Manabu KADOTANI Hiroshi 90362516 0000-0001-7474-3315 滋賀医科大学

2021.12

概要

Purpose:
Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a prevalent sleep disorder in which apnea and hypopnea occur frequently during sleep and result in increase of the risk of lifestyle-related disease development as well as daytime sleepiness. Although SAS is a common sleep disorder, most patients remain undiagnosed because the gold standard test polysomnography (PSG), is high-cost and unavailable in many hospitals. Thus, an SAS screening system that can be used easily at home is needed.
Methods:
Apnea during sleep affects changes in the autonomic nervous function, which causes fluctuation of the heart rate. In this study, we propose a new SAS screening method that combines heart rate measurement and long short-term memory (LSTM) which is a type of recurrent neural network (RNN). We analyzed the data of intervals between adjacent R waves (R-R interval; RRI) on the electrocardiogram (ECG) records, and used an LSTM model whose inputs are the RRI data is trained to discriminate the respiratory condition during sleep.
Results:
The application of the proposed method to clinical data showed that it distinguished between patients with moderate-to-severe SAS with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100%, results which are superior to any other existing SAS screening methods.
Conclusion:
Since the RRI data can be easily measured by means of wearable heart rate sensors, our method may prove to be useful as an SAS screening system at home.

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参考文献

Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42113-02000096-6)

Author contributions A. I, C. N, and K. F developed the proposed

method, analyzed the data, and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript.

Y. S, M. M, M. K, and H. K contributed to data collection and analysis

and assisted in the preparation of the manuscript. Both authors agree

to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Funding This work was partially supported by JST PRESTO

#JPMJPR1859 and JSPS KAHENHI #17H00872.

Data availability The PSG data will be made available by the

corresponding author to colleagues who propose a reasonable

scientific request after approval by the institutional review board of the

SUMS Hospital.

Code availability The source code developed in this study will be

made available by the corresponding author to colleagues who propose

a reasonable scientific request.

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest K. F is with Quadlytics Inc as well as Nagoya

University. M. K is with Quadlytics Inc as well as Kyoto University.

H. K’s laboratory is supported by donations from Fukuda Lifetech Co.,

Ltd., Fukuda Life Tech Keiji Co., Ltd., Tanaka Sleep Clinic, Akita

Sleep Clinic, and Ai Ai Care Co., Ltd., made to the Shiga University

of Medical Science. Other authors declare that the research was

conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships

that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Ethics approval The PSG data from patients and healthy persons were

collected at the Shiga University of Medical Science (SUMS) hospital.

The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the

SUMS hospital (R2017-160).

Consent to participate Written informed consent was obtained from

participants.

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Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to

jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Affiliations

Ayako Iwasaki1 · Chikao Nakayama2 · Koichi Fujiwara2,3

Hiroshi Kadotani5

Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Department of Systems Science, Kyoto University,

Kyoto, Japan

Department of Material Process Engineering, Nagoya

University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan

Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical

Science, Otsu, Japan

Department of Sleep and Behavioral Sciences, Shiga

University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan

· Yukiyoshi Sumi4 · Masahiro Matsuo4 · Manabu Kano2 ·

...

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