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Fig. 11. Postcontrast T1-weighted MR images of a 66-year-old
man with lymphocytic hypophysitis. A swollen pituitary stalk is
visible as an enhanced lesion. (a) Coronall view (b) Sagittal view.
they recommend the T2*-based MRI in differentiating
pure germinomas from nongerminomatous germ cell
tumors.
LYMPHOCYTIC HYPOPHYSITIS
Primary hypophysitis is classified by histologic appearance as lymphocytic, granulomatous, xanthomatous,
immunoglobulin G4 plasmacytic,33 and mixed form.
Lymphocytic hypophysitis is an inflammatory disorder
of the pituitary gland, which occurs in the adenohypophysis and/or infundibulo-neurohypophysis. 34, 35
Lymphocytic hypophysitis is often misdiagnosed
because its clinical and radiological features mimic
tumors in the sellar region. When the inflammatory
process is limited to the infundibulo-neurohypophysis,
infundibular thickening and absence of the posterior
pituitary high signal intensity spot are common on
T1WI (Fig. 11). Differentiation from other stalk lesions,
such as germinoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis,
may be difficult. Dark-signal intensity areas on T2WI
around the pituitary gland and in the cavernous sinus,
namely the parasellar T2 dark sign was reported as a
characteristic feature useful for distinguishing pituitary
adenoma from this disease in patients with lymphocytic
hypophysitis.36
CONCLUSION
Our clinical experience with 3T MR images was reported
with emphasis on hypothalamic and pituitary tumors.
Because of the high signal-to-noise ratio, 3T MRI was
superior to 1.5T MRI in visualization of tumors, as well
as the surroundings. Especially, T2WI and postcontrast
SPGR T1WI provide high anatomical and contrast
resolution. These images demonstrate the defined relationship between the tumor and its surroundings, such
as the normal pituitary gland, the cavernous sinus, and
the optic pathway.
160
© 2021 Tottori University Medical Press
Up-to-date MRI findings of pituitary tumors
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