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Adiabatic evolution of the self-interacting axion field around rotating black holes

Omiya, Hidetoshi Takahashi, Takuya Tanaka, Takahiro 京都大学 DOI:10.1093/ptep/ptac058

2022.04

概要

Ultra-light axion fields, motivated by string theory, form a large condensate (axion cloud) around rotating black holes through superradiant instability. Several effects due to the axion cloud, such as the spin-down of black holes and the emission of monochromatic gravitational waves, open a new window to search for axions by astrophysical observations. When the axion self-interaction is considered, the evolution of clouds is altered significantly, and an explosive phenomenon called a bosenova can happen. Thus, it is necessary to understand the precise evolution of self-interacting clouds for the detection of axions by astrophysical observations. In this paper, we propose a new method to track the whole process of the growth of self-interacting axion clouds employing the adiabatic approximation. We emphasize that our method relies neither on the non-relativistic approximation nor on perturbative treatment of the self-interaction, which is often used in the literature. Our main finding is that the evolution of clouds in the strongly self-interacting regime depends on the strength of the gravitational coupling between the axion and the black hole. For a large coupling, the cloud evolves into a quasi-stationary state where the superradiant energy gain is balanced with the energy dissipation to infinity by the self-interaction. On the other hand, when one decreases the size of the coupling, clouds become unstable at some energy, which would be interpreted as the onset of a bosenova.

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Fig. B4. Dependence of the total flux Ftot (A0 ) on the energy E. The red solid and blue dashed lines

correspond to the respective lines in the right panel of Fig. B1. The newly added black line corresponds to

the total flux calculated by solving the linearized equation from the configuration neglecting the higher-l,

m modes.

A Self-archived copy in

Kyoto University Research Information Repository

https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp

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