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In this study, we primarily focused on oral bacteria-associated
inflammation in distant organs. It remains unclear whether S. mutans facilitated the process of tumor cells detaching from primary
tumors or assisted in tumor cell intravasation. In addition, oral bacteria are in the dynamic balance. Whether the periodontitis pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis or other subsets of oral bacteria share
the same mechanism in promoting tumor metastasis remains to be
determined. Moreover, S. mutans injection induces hepatitis in the
mice (data not shown) and it remains unclear whether S. mutans also
promotes tumor metastasis to the liver.
Postoperative pneumonia frequently occurs in hospitalized patients and is intimately associated with postoperative mortality.56
Oral bacteria increase the risk of postoperative pneumonia and professional oral hygiene practices serve to minimize the risk of postoperative pneumonia in lung and esophageal cancer.57,58 Our findings
reveal a novel role of oral bacteria in promoting tumor metastasis.
They reinforce the need for professional oral hygiene management
in patients with cancer in terms of avoiding not only postoperative
pneumonia but also tumor metastasis.
AC K N OW L E D G M E N T S
We would like to thank Dr. Y. Umeyama, Dr. MA. Towfik, Ms. M.
Sasaki, and Ms. Y. Suzuki for their technical assistance with the
experiments.
F U N D I N G I N FO R M AT I O N
This research was supported by JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific
Research to NM (JP18K09715), YH (JP18H02891) and KH
(JP18H02996), Grants from the Japan Agency for Medical Research
and Development (AMED) to NM (JP18ck0106198h0003) and KH
(JP19ck0106406h0002), JST SPRING (JPMJSP2119).
C O N FL I C T O F I N T E R E S T
The authors declare no conflicts of interest. KH is a current Editorial
Board member of Cancer Science.
E T H I C S S TAT E M E N T
Approval of the research protocol by an Institutional Reviewer
Board: N/A.
Informed Consent: N/A.
Registry and the Registration No. of the study/trial: N/A.
Animal Studies: All animal experiments were approved by the
animal research authorities of Hokkaido University. The authors
followed the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments
(ARRIVE) guidelines for animal studies.
ORCID
Li Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5874-055X
Yasuhiro Hida Kyoko Hida https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-4215
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7968-6062
13497006, 0, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cas.15538 by Hokkaido University, Wiley Online Library on [20/10/2022]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
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S U P P O R T I N G I N FO R M AT I O N
Additional supporting information can be found online in the
Supporting Information section at the end of this article.
How to cite this article: Yu L, Maishi N, Akahori E, et al.
The oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans promotes tumor
metastasis by inducing vascular inflammation. Cancer Sci.
2022;00:1-15. doi: 10.1111/cas.15538
13497006, 0, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cas.15538 by Hokkaido University, Wiley Online Library on [20/10/2022]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
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