Modeling of integrated fluid dynamics of cerebral circulation and cerebrospinal fluid flow

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[2] Zhang H, Fujiwara N, Kobayashi M, et al.

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[3] Kobayashi M, Hoshina K, Nemoto Y, et al.

(2020) A penalized spline fitting method to

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4. Discussion

The CSF movements synchronized with a heartbeat

were driven by the pulsation of large intracranial

arteries and brain. However, the relationship between

the cerebral circulation and CSF pulsatile movements

on 4D Flow MRI has a complexity that cannot be

proved by the CFD model. On the contrary, 4D Flow

MRI still has many limitations and is not suitable for

measuring the flow of small intracranial arteries and

complex slow movements of CSF.[5-7] Therefore, the

flow velocities measured by the 4D Flow MRI should

be verified and supplemented by CFD. Furthermore, in

the current concepts of the cerebral circulation,

lymphatic CSF drainage, and fluid exchange of CSF

[5] Yamada S, Ishikawa M, Ito H, et al. (2020)

Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in idiopathic normal

pressure hydrocephalus on four-dimensional flow

imaging. Eur Radiol. 30(8) 4454-4465.

[6] Yamada S, Ito H, Ishikawa M, et al. (2021)

Quantification of Oscillatory Shear Stress from

Reciprocating CSF Motion on 4D Flow Imaging.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 42(3) 479-486.

[7] Yamada S, Ishikawa M, Nozaki K. (in press)

Exploring mechanisms of ventricular enlargement

in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A

role of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and motile

cilia. Fluids Barriers CNS.

and interstitial fluid, i.e., glymphatic system, the

simulation model of the neurofluid dynamic is

Corresponding Author:

extremely complicated. Since there are many black

Shigeki Yamada: shigekiyamada39@gmail.com

boxes in this field, it is expected that research will

develop in the future.

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