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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Celanese Co. for the donation of the cellulose acetate films used in this work.

Author contributions

H.K. and T.M. conceived and designed the study. H.K. performed the experiments. H.K. and T.M. interpreted

and analyzed the data. H.K. wrote the manuscript. T.M. and K.S. evaluated the manuscript. H.K., K.S., and T.M.

reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version.

Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Supplementary information is available for this paper at https​://doi.org/10.1038/s4159​8-020-73464​-8.

Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to H.K.

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