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59
Table 1-A Average core compositions (wt.%) of minerals of peridotite xenoliths in
northeastern China
Sample
Lg-1
Mineral
Olivine
Fo
Lg-2
Opx
Cpx
Spinel
0.90
Olivine
Lg-3
Opx
Cpx
Spinel
Olivine
0.89
Cr#
Opx
Cpx
Spinel
0.89
0.24
0.14
Al2O3
0.04
3.19
4.63
45.72
0.03
3.91
6.36
57.24
0.07
4.60
5.88
53.75
FeO
9.58
5.82
2.51
12.96
10.10
6.44
3.00
11.83
10.59
6.66
3.66
12.07
CaO
0.16
0.79
20.82
0.01
0.15
0.60
20.69
0.00
0.20
0.88
20.12
0.01
Na2O
0.02
0.11
1.05
0.01
0.03
0.11
1.31
0.01
0.02
0.12
0.88
0.01
MgO
48.25
32.48
16.03
19.63
47.70
31.98
14.76
21.05
48.17
32.23
16.72
20.69
Cr2O3
0.03
0.40
1.06
21.24
0.02
0.29
0.76
9.40
0.03
0.38
0.64
12.96
SiO2
41.77
57.01
53.59
0.08
41.79
56.41
52.56
0.09
40.75
54.85
51.57
0.13
ZnO
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.06
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.05
MnO
0.14
0.12
0.07
0.12
0.14
0.13
0.07
0.10
0.14
0.15
0.11
0.11
K2O
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
TiO2
0.01
0.06
0.24
0.16
0.01
0.10
0.47
0.21
0.02
0.11
0.41
0.21
Total
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
1100
±136
T (°C)
1022
±146
973
±109
Ol, Olivine; Opx, Orthopyroxene; Cpx, Clinopyroxene; Sp, Spinel
Fo and Cr# represent [Mg/ (Mg + Fe)] of olivine and [Cr/(Cr+Al)] of spinel, respectively.
60
Table 1-B Average core compositions (wt.%) of minerals of peridotite xenoliths in
northeastern China
Sample
Lg-4
Mineral
Olivine
Fo
Lg-5
Opx
Cpx
Spinel
0.90
Olivine
Opx
Cpx
Spinel
0.90
Cr#
0.13
0.27
Al2O3
0.07
4.80
5.49
54.96
0.02
2.95
4.53
42.91
FeO
9.96
6.20
3.42
11.64
9.65
6.23
2.69
13.63
CaO
0.21
1.19
20.16
0.01
0.09
0.67
22.02
0.01
Na2O
0.03
0.11
0.75
0.01
0.02
0.08
1.28
0.01
MgO
47.83
31.32
16.48
20.98
48.98
33.20
15.57
18.68
Cr2O3
0.04
0.38
0.59
11.93
0.02
0.43
1.13
24.25
SiO2
41.66
55.75
52.71
0.16
41.05
56.19
52.34
0.05
ZnO
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.07
MnO
0.14
0.13
0.06
0.09
0.14
0.15
0.08
0.14
K2O
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
TiO2
0.01
0.09
0.32
0.17
0.01
0.09
0.36
0.25
Total
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
1034
±115
834
±78
T (°C)
Ol, Olivine; Opx, Orthopyroxene; Cpx, Clinopyroxene; Sp, Spinel
Fo and Cr# represent [Mg/ (Mg + Fe)] of olivine and [Cr/(Cr+Al)] of spinel, respectively.
61
Table 2. Concentration of U and Th/U of olivine
U(ppb)
Lg-1
Lg-2
Lg-3
Lg-4
Lg-5
Th/U
Milli-Q only
1.59
4.28
HNO3 30 min
1.45
4.37
Milli-Q only
2.62
4.29
HNO3 30 min
1.51
4.78
Milli-Q only
3.10
3.01
HNO3 30 min
1.68
3.65
Milli-Q only
4.52
1.31
HNO3 30 min
1.27
4.56
Milli-Q only
1.14
1.79
HNO3 30 min
0.37
2.87
Comparison U concentration Th/U of olivine grains of each sample between washed with
70˚C 2N-HNO3 and washed with Milli-Q only.
62
Table 3. Densities of CO2 fluid inclusions of Lg-1 and Lg-3 measured by microRaman spectroscopy
Sample
Inclusion name
Lg-1
1σ
cpx-4-a
105.44
0.082
1.06
0.022
cpx-4-4G-1
105.54
0.023
1.09
0.006
cpx-4-b
105.50
0.009
1.08
0.002
cpx-4-c
105.51
0.006
1.08
0.001
opx-1-a
105.54
0.032
1.09
0.008
opx-1-b
105.49
0.042
1.08
0.011
cpx-5-a
105.40
0.027
1.05
0.007
1.08
0.012
Average
Lg-3
Density (g/ cm3)
delta
1σ
opx-1-b
105.77
0.019
1.14
0.004
opx-1-d
105.81
0.040
1.15
0.009
opx-2-b
105.71
0.024
1.13
0.005
opx-2-d
105.71
0.018
1.13
0.004
opx-2-e
105.70
0.004
1.13
0.001
1.14
0.011
Average
Delta of all inclusions were measured by Raman spectroscopy four times each. Delta
value is separation of wavenumber between two main peaks of Raman spectra of CO2.
“cpx” and “opx” represent of host mineral of inclusions. “cpx” and “opx” are
clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, respectively. Deltas were corrected by the method
proposed by Hagiwara et al., (2021). CO2 density was calculated using a relationship
between Delta value and CO2 density (Yamamoto and Kagi, 2006).
63
Table 4. Noble gas isotopic ratios obtained by crushing method
Sample
Mineral
Weight(g)
He(10-9)
He'(10-9)
He'/4He (102)
40
Ar (10-9)
He/4He (Ra)
40
Ar/36Ar
He/40Ar*
Dalongwan Lake
Lg-1
Olivine
1.5806
41.18
1.16
0.471
2.48
6.45 ± 0.04
1509 ± 374
20.64
Lg-2
Olivine
1.5607
12.03
1.16
2.91
0.990
5.95 ± 0.04
1010 ± 394
17.11
Longquan Lake
Lg-3
Olivine
3.1035
21.85
1.37
1.90
34.12
3.97 ± 0.02
326 ± 20
Lg-4
Olivine
1.7432
8.56
1.37
5.40
6.40
3.74± 0.03
320 ± 31
Olivine
1.9814
1.34
0.150
0.102
1.29
0.14 ± 0.04
284 ± 44
Da Yi Shan
Lg-5
Unit for abundance is cc STP/g.
He’ was radiogenic addition generated after the time of eruption. 40Ar* was corrected
for air addition. - Not calculated
64
Table 5. Total area of each type of inclusion observed on the polished surface of
olivine grains and noble gas isotopic compositions
Sample
Total area of
Total area of
Total area of
He/4He
type (1) (µm2)
type (2) (µm2)
type (3) (µm2)
(Ra)
40
He (10-9)
36
40
40
ccSTP / g
ccSTP / g
ccSTP / g
Ar (10-9)
Ar/ Ar
Ar*(10-9)
Lg-1
111.29
291.84
615.86
6.45
1509
41.18
2.48
1.99
Lg-2
870.70
37.43
5.95
1010
12.03
0.99
0.7
Lg-3
18.96
729.76
41.96
3.97
326
21.85
34.12
Lg-4
190.31
3.74
320
8.56
6.4
Lg-5
130.55
0.14
284
1.34
1.29
40
Ar* was corrected for air addition. - Not calculated
65
Table 6. Estimated of relative coefficient of 4He and inherent 3He/4He (Ra) of three
type inclusion.
Relative coefficient of 4He
concentration
Inherent 3He/4He (Ra)
Type (1) inclusions
4.96
0.01
Type (2) inclusions
1.81
3.08
Type (3) inclusions
4.96
8.72
To obtain appropriate relative coefficients of gas concentration, we assumed two
conditions. First, relative coefficients of concentration of 4He of each type of inclusion is
limited between 0.01 to 100. Second condition is that we assumed that relative coefficient
of the concentration of 4He preserved in type (3) inclusion which have negative crystal
shape would be higher than other types of inclusions because higher-pressure CO2 are
often observed in negative crystal and 4He concentration is supposed to be proportional
to CO2 concentration. The coefficient of determination of relative coefficient of 4He
concentration and inherent 3He/4He are 0.905 and 0.413, respectively.
66
Table 7. Noble gases isotope ratios obtained by laser spot analysis
Type (2)
Type (3)
He/4He (Ra)
error
1.989
4.95
0.47
0.56
873
77.7
1-C-1
0.641
3.60
1.02
0.11
504
166.8
1-C-2
0.656
3.39
1.04
0.37
368
54.2
2A
1.515
4.89
0.32
0.84
374
39.2
Lg-2
I-1
0.533
2.97
0.75
0.71
297
37.2
Lg-3
A-1
0.742
0.93
0.93
0.20
332
102.0
1-B-2-2
0.350
1.45
1.09
0.30
395
69.9
1-6-D
0.296
0.65
1.47
0.26
274
64.6
Sample
grain name
Lg-1
A-1
He (10-10)
40
Ar (10-10)
40
Ar/36Ar
error
Lg-1
A-1
3.01
5.80
0.31
1.32
903
71.2
Lg-2
2-18-C
7.67
6.13
0.14
3.69
5169
351.2
2-18-C
2.78
5.90
0.22
1.55
2839
208.9
2-16-C-8
3.43
5.70
0.21
0.91
1972
167.8
2-A
1.12
4.58
0.66
1.18
2315
180.6
1-E(1)
0.21
3.81
2.11
0.27
8889 1636.1
1-E(2)
4.76
5.88
0.29
0.67
1344
112.8
1-E(3)
1.37
4.67
0.34
0.99
1393
129.2
4-1-B
12.49
6.18
0.18
1.30
2534
195.3
Lg-3
Unit for abundance is cc STP.
67
Figure.1
Longgang Area
DPRK and RK denote the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Republic of
Korea, respectively.
68
Figure.2
Types of inclusions observed on the polished surfaces of olivine grains
69
Figure. 3
Comparison between 4He, 40Ar, and 40Ar* concentration of each sample obtained by
crushing method and total area of each type of inclusion on the polished olivine
surfaces of each sample
70
Figure.4
Noble gases isotope ratio obtained by crushing method and spot analysis of
inclusions of type (2) and type (3)
71
Figure.5
P–T diagram for the system CO2 from Pitzer and Sterner (1994)
Modified Fig.3 of Yamamoto et al. (2012)
Gray contours represent density in g/cm3 (i.e., isochors)
Black solid lines show modeled geotherms. Numbers labeling the lines denote the
corresponding heat flows in units of mW/m2, which are referred from Pollack and
Chapman (1977)
72
Figure.6
He/4He -3He/36Ar obtained by crushing method and spot analysis from each type of
inclusion
73
Figure.7
He/4He -40Ar/36Ar of mantle xenoliths sampled Far east Russia, Korea, China
Datum from Far east Russia, Korea, and China were obtained by crushing method.
74
Figure. 8a and 8b
Calculated radiogenic change of 3He/4He and 40Ar/36Ar of several components which
may be end-component
Yamamoto et al. (2020) also calculated the accumulated radiogenic nuclides based on the
nucleogenic/radiogenic 3He/4He ratio of 1 × 10−8 and calculated 3He/4He -40Ar/36Ar
using the same ratio in this study.
75
Figure. 9
He/4He -3He/36Ar mixing between pore-fluid and MORB
76
Figure. 10a and 10b
77
Appendix
Photograph of inclusions of type (2) and type (3)
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