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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the technical support provided by Keiko Kawamura, Yoko Miyanari, Sawako Adachi, Emiko Hori

and the Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University. This work was supported by MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas Research Grant Number 15H01517,

MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research Grant Number 15K15608 and MEXT Grant-in-Aid

for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas Research in a Proposed Research Area “Development of Novel Treatment Strategies Targeting Cancer Stem Cells” (Grant Number 22130008).

Author contributions

I.S., S.Y., and K. Kato conceived and designed this study. I.S., S.Y., K.T., S.K., Y.M., and K.A. performed experiments. I.S., S.Y., K.T., S.K., and Y.M. analyzed data and generated figures. H.I. and K. Kohno provided reagents.

I.S., S.Y., Y.M., and K. Kato wrote, reviewed and revised the paper. K.T., K.A., H.Y., I.O., K.S., and T.T. provided

administrative, technical, or material support; A.I., S.T. and K. Kato supervised this study.

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Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https​://doi.

org/10.1038/s4159​8-021-83200​-5.

Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to K.K.

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