Studies on Exercise-inducible Beneficial Actions by Employing Biomedical Engineering Techniques

概要

The increase in life expectancy, attributed to changes in lifestyle, has significantly
contributed to the prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus
(DM) (Blüher et al., 2019). Data from the International Diabetes Federation reveals that the
number of diagnosed cases of diabetes worldwide exceeds 463 million, and it is projected to rise to
700 million by 2045. Notably, approximately 90% of individuals with diabetes have the type 2
form of the disease, with resistance to insulin.
Exercise could increase the insulin sensitivity via regulating the GLUT4 translocation while
recent studies showed that neutrophils (immune cells) from the blood vessel are involved in
enhancement of myofiber GLUT4 translocation in gnawing and running model (Tsuchiya et al.,
2018; Chaweewannakorn et al., 2020; Nyasha et al., 2023). In addition, Exercise-regulated blood vessels
play a critical role in facilitating muscle glucose uptake, contributing to the metabolic adaptations
that occur during physical activity (Clark et al., 2003; Tan et al., 2018). Enhancing blood flow is
achieved through the dilation of blood vessels, particularly arterioles and capillaries, in response
to the increased muscle demand for oxygen and nutrients. As a result, more glucose and insulin
are delivered to the muscle tissue, creating an environment conducive to glucose uptake.
Thus, we wondered whether neutrophils could be the interface of blood vessel and muscle
tissue for its enhanced GLUT4 translocation. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of
exercise-induced recruitment of neutrophils to skeletal muscle in promoting GLUT4 translocation
to the plasma membrane and the subsequent enhancement of insulin sensitivity. We utilized the
sciatic nerve electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) model, which induces forced exercise/contraction
of the hindlimb through EPS of the sciatic nerve. ...

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