1. Stahl SM. Neuronal traffic signals in tardive dyskinesia: not enough “stop” in the motor striatum. CNS Spectr. 2017;22(6):427–434.
2. Carbon M, Hsieh CH, Kane JM, Correll CU. Tardive dyskinesia prevalence in the period of second-generation antipsychotic use: a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78(3):e264–e278.
3. Salem H, Pigott T, Zhang XY, Zeni CP, Teixeira AL. Antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia: from biological basis to clinical management. Expert Rev Neurother. 2017;17(9):883–894.
4. Khorassani F, Luther K, Talreja O. Valbenazine and deutetrabenazine: vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors for tardive dyskinesia. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2020;77(3):167–174.
5. Zhao S et al. Systems pharmacology of adverse event mitigation by drug combinations. Sci Transl Med. 2013;5(206):206ra140.
6. Nagashima T, Shirakawa H, Nakagawa T, Kaneko S. Prevention of antipsychotic- induced hyperglycaemia by vitamin D: a data mining prediction followed by experimental exploration of the molecular mechanism. Sci Rep. 2016;6:26375.
7. US FDA. Questions and Answers on FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). https://www.fda.gov/drugs/surveillance/questions-and-answers-fdas- adverse-event-reporting-system-faers. Accessed April 23, 2021.
8. Banda JM, Evans L, Vanguri RS, Tatonetti NP, Ryan PB, Shah NH. A curated and standardized adverse drug event resource to accelerate drug safety research. Sci Data. 2016;3:160026.
9. Olmos A, Govindasamy P. Propensity scores: a practical introduction using R. J Multidiscrip Eval. 2015;11(25):68–88.
10. Austin PC. Optimal caliper widths for propensity-score matching when estimating differences in means and differences in proportions in observational studies. Pharm Stat. 2011;10(2):150–161.
11. Lai EC et al. Sequence symmetry analysis in pharmacovigilance and pharmacoepidemiologic studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017;32(7), 567–582.
12. Yokoyama S, Tanaka Y, Nakagita K, Hosomi K, Takada M. Bleeding risk of warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants in younger population: a historical cohort study using a Japanese claims database. Int J Med Sci. 2018;15(14):1686–1693.
13. Caterina MJ et al. Impaired nociception and pain sensation in mice lacking the capsaicin receptor. Science. 2000;288(5464):306–313.
14. Deguchi Y et al. mDia and ROCK mediate actin-dependent presynaptic remodeling regulating synaptic efficacy and anxiety. Cell Rep. 2016;17(9):2405–2417.
15. Asaoka N et al. An adenosine A2A receptor antagonist improves multiple symptoms of repeated quinpirole-induced psychosis. eNeuro. 2019;6(1):0366-18.
16. Michel C, Scosyrev E, Petrin M, Schmouder R. Can disproportionality analysis of post-marketing case reports be used for comparison of drug safety profiles? Clin Drug Invest. 2017;37(5):415–422.
17. Turrone P, Remington G, Nobrega JN. The vacuous chewing movement (VCM) model of tardive dyskinesia revisited: it there a relationship to dopamine D2 receptor occupancy? Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2002;26(3):361–380.
18. Naidu PS, Singh A, Kulkarni SK. Carvedilol attenuates neuroleptic-induced orofacial dyskinesia: possible antioxidant mechanism. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2002;136(2):193–200.
19. Jaeschke H, Xie Y, McGill MR. Acetaminophen-induced liver injury: animal models to humans. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2014;2(3):153–161.
20. Mazer M, Perrone J. Acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. J Med Toxicol. 2008;4(1):2–6.
21. Bertolini A, Ferrari A, Ottani A, Guerzoni S, Tacchi R, Leone S. Paracetamol: new vistas of an old drug. CNS Drug Rev. 2006;12(34):250–275.
22. Mezey E et al. Distribution of mRNA for vanilla receptor subtype 1 (VR1), and VR1- like immunoreactivity, in the central nervous system of the rat and human. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97(7): 3655–3660.
23. Mallet C et al. TRPV1 in brain is involved in acetaminophen-induced antinociception. PLoS One. 2010;5(9):e12748.
24. Gentry C, Andersson DA, Bevan S. TRPA1 mediates the hypothermic action of acetaminophen. Sci Rep. 2015;5:12771.
25. Beltramo M, Stella N, Calignano A, Lin SY, Makriyannis A, Piomelli D. Functional role of high-affinity anandamide transport, as revealed by selective inhibition. Science. 1997;277(5329):1094–1097.
26. De Petrocellis L, Bisogno T, Davis JB, Pertwee RG, Di Marzo V. Overlap between the ligand recognition properties of the anandamide transporter and the VR1 vanilloid receptor: inhibitors of anandamide uptake with negligible capsaicin-like activity. FEBS Lett. 2000;483(1):52–56.
27. Hogestatt ED et al. Conversion of acetaminophen to the bioactive N- acylphenolamine AM404 via fatty acid amide hydrolase-dependent arachidonic acid conjugation in the nervous system. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(36):31405–31412.
28. Calabresi P, Picconi B, Tozzi A, Ghiglieri V, Di Filippo M. Direct and indirect pathways of basal ganglia: a critical reappraisal. Nat Neurosci. 2014;17(8):1022– 1030.
29. Armbruster BN, Li X, Pausch MH, Herlitze S, Roth BL. Evolving the lock to fit the key to create a family of G protein-coupled receptors potently activated by an inert ligand. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104(12):5163–5168.
30. Belleau ML, Warren RA. Postnatal development of electrophysiological properties of nucleus accumbens neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2000;84(5):2204–2216.
31. Xu D et al. MSBIS: a multi-step biomedical informatics screening approach for identifying medications that mitigate the risks of metoclopramide-induced tardive dyskinesia. EBioMedicine. 2017;26:132–137.
32. Desmarais JE, Beauclair L, Margolese HC. Anticholinergics in the era of atypical antipsychotics: short-term or long-term treatment? J Psychopharmacol. 2012;26(9):1167–1174.
33. Al-Saffar A, Lennernäs H, Hellström PM. Gastroparesis, metoclopramide, and tardive dyskinesia: risk revisited. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019;31(11):e13617.
34. Ehrenpreis ED, Deepak P, Sifuentes H, Devi R, Du H, Leikin JB. The metoclopramide black box warning for tardive dyskinesia: effect on clinical practice, adverse event reporting, and prescription drug lawsuits. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(6):866–872.
35. Andersson DA et al. TRPA1 mediates spinal antinociception induced by acetaminophen and the cannabinoid 9-tetrahydrocannaniorcol. Nat Commun. 2011;2:551.
36. Ayoub SS, Flower RJ. Loss of hypothermic and anti-pyretic action of paracetamol in cyclooxygenase-1 knockout mice is indicative of inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 variant enzymes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2019;861:172609.
37. Röpke J et al. Anandamide attenuates haloperidol-induced vacuous chewing movements in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2014;54:195–199.
38. de Lago E, Urbani P, Ramos JA, Di Marzo V, Fernandez-Ruiz J. Arvanil, a hybrid endocannabinoid and vanilloid compound, behaves as an antihyperkinetic agent in a rat model of Huntington’s disease. Brain Res. 2005;1050(1–2):210–216.
39. Bordia T, Zhang D, Perez XA, Quik M. Striatal cholinergic interneurons and D2 receptor-expressing GABAergic medium spiny neurons regulate tardive dyskinesia. Exp Neurol. 2016;286:32–39.
40. Musella A et al. TRPV1 channels facilitate glutamate transmission in the striatum. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2009;40(1):89–97.
41. Grueter BA, Brasnjo G, Malenka RC. Postsynaptic TRPV1 triggers cell-type specific LTD in the nucleus accumbens. Nat Neurosci. 2010;13(12):1519–1525.
42. Deroche MA, Lassalle O, Castell L, Valjent E, Manzoni OJ. Cell-type and endocannabinoid-specific synapse connectivity in the adult nucleus accumbens core. J Neurosci. 2020;40(5):1028–1041.
43. Puighermanal E et al. Functional and molecular heterogeneity of D2R neurons along dorsal ventral axis in the striatum. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):1957.
44. Van Putten T. The many faces of akathisia. Compr Psychiatry. 1975;16(1):43-7.
45. Salem H, Nagpal C, Pigott T, Teixeira AL. Revisiting Antipsychotic-induced Akathisia: Current Issues and Prospective Challenges. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2017;15(5):789–798.
46. Lohr JB, Eidt CA, Abdulrazzaq Alfaraj A, Soliman MA. The clinical challenges of akathisia. CNS Spectr. 2015;20:1–14.
47. Nagaoka K et al. Striatal TRPV1 activation by acetaminophen ameliorates dopamine D2 receptor antagonist-induced orofacial dyskinesia. JCI Insight. 2021;6(10):e145632.
48. Thomsen M et al. Effects of acute and chronic aripiprazole treatment on choice between cocaine self-administration and food under a concurrent schedule of reinforcement in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008;201(1):43–53.
49. Oda Y et al. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6/β-arrestin 2 system in a rat model of dopamine supersensitivity psychosis. J Psychopharmacol. 2015;29(12):1308-13.
50. Barnes TR. The Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale--revisited. J Psychopharmacol. 2003;17(4):365–70.
51. Fleischhacker WW et al. The Hillside Akathisia Scale: a new rating instrument for neuroleptic-induced akathisia. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1989;25(2):222–6.
52. Bleickardt CJ, Kazdoba TM, Jones NT, Hunter JC, Hodgson RA. Antagonism of the adenosine A2A receptor attenuates akathisia-like behavior induced with MP-10 or aripiprazole in a novel non-human primate model. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2014;118:36–45.
53. Sieminski M, Zemojtel L. Akathisia Is More Than Restlessness in the Legs. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(9):1383.
54. Lyu S et al. The Role of BTBD9 in Striatum and Restless Legs Syndrome. eNeuro. 2019;6(5):0277–19.
55. Qu S et al. Locomotion is increased in a11-lesioned mice with iron deprivation: a possible animal model for restless legs syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2007;66(5):383–8.
56. Mulroy E, Balint B, Bhatia KP. Tardive syndromes. Pract Neurol. 2020;20(5):368– 376.
57. Zhang JP et al. Efficacy and safety of individual second-generation vs. first- generation antipsychotics in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013;16(6):1205–18.
58. Broadhurst PL. Determinants of emotionality in the rat. I. Situational factors. Br J Psychol. 1957;48(1):1–12.
59. Moal ML, Cardo B, Stinus L. Influence of ventral mesencephalic lesions on various spontaneous and conditioned behaviors in the rat. Physiol Behav. 1969;4(4):567– 573.
60. Teicher MH, Klein DA, Andersen SL, Wallace P. Development of an animal model of fluoxetine akathisia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1995;19(8):1305–19.
61. Bruhwyler J, Chleide E, Houbeau G, Waegeneer N, Mercier M. Differentiation of haloperidol and clozapine using a complex operant schedule in the dog. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1993;44(1):181–9.
62. Lublin H, Gerlach J, Mørkeberg F. Long-term treatment with low doses of the D1 antagonist NNC 756 and the D2 antagonist raclopride in monkeys previously exposed to dopamine antagonists. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994;114(3):495– 504.
63. Iyo M et al. Optimal extent of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy by antipsychotics for treatment of dopamine supersensitivity psychosis and late-onset psychosis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013;33(3):398–404.
64. Tadokoro S et al. Chronic treatment with aripiprazole prevents development of dopamine supersensitivity and potentially supersensitivity psychosis. Schizophr Bull. 2012;38(5):1012–20.
65. Oda Y et al. Alterations in glutamatergic signaling in the brain of dopamine supersensitivity psychosis and non-supersensitivity psychosis model rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2017;234(20):3027–3036.
66. Luque-Rojas MJ et al. Hyperactivity induced by the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole is attenuated by inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation in mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013;16(3):661–76.