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GPS Solutions (2021) 25:93
Zou X, Vandenberghe F, Pondeca M, Kuo YH (1997) Introduction to
adjoint techniques and the MM5 adjoint modeling system. NCAR
Technical note NCAR/TN-435 1STR. https://doi.org/https://doi.
org/10.5065/D6F18WNM.
Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to
jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Ssessanga Nicholas is a JSPS
(Japan Society for the Promotion
of Science) research fellow at
Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan. His
current research includes studies
of the ionospheric structures and
the development of monitoring
techniques using tomography
and data assimilation.
Mamoru Yamamoto is a professor at Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto
University Uji, Kyoto, Japan. His
current research includes studies
of the ionospheric structures and
waves based on the total electron
content measurement from
GNSS and/or satellite-ground
beacon experiments.
Susumu Saito is a principal
researcher of Electronic Navigation Research Institute, National
Institute of Maritime, Port, and
Aviation Technology, Tokyo,
Japan. His current research topics include ionospheric effects
on GNSS, development of GNSS
ground-based augmentation system suitable for the low latitude
region, and ionospheric sciences
using GNSS tomography, radars,
and optical instruments.
A Self-archived copy in
Kyoto University Research Information Repository
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Page 15 of 15 93
GPS Solutions (2021) 25:93 Akinori Saito is an associate professor at the Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan.
His recent research interests are
focused on the disturbances in
the Ionosphere and the Mesosphere using radio and optical
imaging observations from
ground and space, including
ionospheric observations by
ground-based GNSS-receiver
arrays.
Michi Nishioka is a Space Environment Laboratory researcher
in the National Institute of Information and Communications
Technology, Tokyo, Japan. Her
current research topics include
developing techniques to monitor ionospheric conditions using
ionosonde and GNSS-TEC
observation for space weather
purposes. She also works on the
development of forecasting ionospheric conditions using
machine learning techniques.
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