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Global Health and Japan: G7 presidency in the 2016 Ise-Shima Summit and beyond

坂元, 晴香 東京大学 DOI:10.15083/0002006555

2023.03.24

概要

[課程-2]
審査の結果の要旨
氏名 坂元 晴香
本研究は、グローバルヘルス領域には様々な課題が存在する中で、ある議題は高い政治
的注目を浴びる一方で、疾病負荷が高いにもかかわらず政治的注目を集めない議題がある
ことについて、政治的注目を浴びるまでのプロセスを明らかにすることを目的とした研究
である。具体的には、2016 年 G7 伊勢志摩サミットで日本が取り上げた3つの国際保健課
題(Global Health Architecture (GHA), Universal Health Coverage (UHC),
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)、及び同時期に高い政治的注目を集めた結核をケースと
して取り上げ、分析には国際保健領域における政治・政策分析に広く用いられている
Shiffman 及び KIngdon のフレームワークを用い、下記の結果を得ている。
・ある国際保健課題が高い政治的課題を集めるためには、Shiffman が提示するフレーム
ワークに含まれるカテゴリーを満たすことが必要である(Actor, Idea, Political context,
Issue characteristics, Policy environment)
・Actor Power については GHA, UHC 共に総理・元厚生労働大臣などの強いリーダーシ
ップが存在した。また結核については市民社会の巻き込みが大きく貢献していた。
・Idea については、GHA は単に健康問題のみならず、社会・経済・安全保障の問題など
様々な側面を有することが貢献した一方で、AMR や結核に関してはシンプルな問題の提
示がより多くの関係者の巻き込みに成功した。
・Policy environment については、特に日本は 2016 年 G7 議長国の年に G7 や関連会
合、その他様々な国際会議での議論をリードすることで、関係者間の調整役をになった。
また、これらのいずれの議題も国連総会で取り上げられたがそのようなハイレベルの会合
で取り上げられたことでより一層の政治的注目を集めることになった 。
以上、本研究は Shiffman や Kingdon のフレームワークを用い、また GHA, UHC,
AMR, 結核の4つの議題について分析を行うことで、国際保健課題の中でどのような議題
がより高い政治的関心を集めるかについて明らかにした。近年、ドナーからの援助資金が
減少する中で、それぞれの課題にとってはいかに高い政治的関心を引きつけるかは、十分
な援助資金を得るために必要不可欠である。本研究の結果は今後、グローバルヘルス関係
者がどのように戦略的に高い政治的注目を集め援助資金を獲得するか、その過程に寄与す
るものである
よって本論文は博士( 保健学 )の学位請求論文として合格と認められる。

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Annex 1.

質問紙票 #1(Shiffman’s framework (2007))

注)質問中の XX には GHA もしくは TB が入る

<Actor Power>

1. Policy community cohesion: XX の議題に関しては主要な関係者にはどのような組織がありま

したか。またそれらの組織の連携度合いはどのような状況でしたか

2. Leadership:XX の議題を推進するに際して、主としてリーダーシップをとっていたのは誰で

すか

3. Guiding Institutions: XX の議題を推進するような(XX の議題に特化した)組織はありました

か。仮にあった場合にはそれはどのような組織ですか

4. Civil Society Mobilization: XX の議題には、市民社会はどの程度関与していましたか

<Ideas>

5. Internal frame:XX の議題は内部関係者の間ではどのように定義されていましたか。もしく

はどのような概念として整理されていましたか

6. External frame:XX の議題は外部の関係者に対してはどのような定義・概念で説明されてい

ましたか

<Political context>

7. Policy window:XX の議題について、政治の窓が開いたと思われるタイミングはありました

か。あった場合には、それはどのような場合でしたか

8. Global governance structure:XX の議題に関して、国際的に議論を行ったり活動を行うための

基盤になるものや、プラットフォームは存在しましたか。その場合、それはどのようなもの

でしたか

<issue characteristics>

9. Credible indicators:議題 XX に対する取り組みの進捗を評価するために何かしらの指標は存

在しますか。

10. Severity:議題 XX の与える影響の重要度はどの程度でしたか

11. Effective interventions:議題 XX を解決するために、効果的な介入方法はありましたか

123

質問紙票 #2(Shiffman’s framework (2016))

<Actor Power>

12. Leadership: UHC を推進するに際して、主としてリーダーシップをとっていたのは誰ですか

13. Governance: UHC を推進するに際して国際的にはどのような枠組みが存在していましたか。

組織構造、ガバナンスはどのようなものでしたか。

14. Composition: UHC に関しては主要な関係者にはどのような組織がありましたか。またそれら

の組織の連携度合いはどのような状況でしたか

15. Framing strategy: UHC は内部・外部の関係者の間ではどのように定義されていましたか。も

しくはどのような概念として整理されていましたか

<Policy environment>

16. Allies and opponents: UHC を推進するに際して、賛同者はいましたか。また、敵対者(UHC

の推進を積極的に歓迎しない人)はいましたか。いた場合には、それぞれどのような人・組

織でしたか

17. Funding:UHC をめぐる資金の状況はどのような状況でしたか

18. Norms:XX の議題に関して、国際的に議論を行ったり活動を行うための基準・規範は存在

していましたか

<issue characteristics>

19. Severity:UHC の与える影響の重要度はどの程度でしたか

20. Tractability:UHC に対する取り組みの進捗を評価するために何かしらの指標は存在します

か。

21. Affected groups:UHC に関係する人や集団はどのような人たちでしたか

124

質問紙票 #3(Kingdon’s framework)

<Problem stream>

AMR の国際的な認識はどのようなものでしたか

AMR が国際的な課題として認識された経緯はどのようなものでしたか

<Policy stream>

AMR に対する解決策としてはどのようなものがありますか

上記の解決策が生まれた経緯はどのようなものでしたか。それに対して日本を含めた国際

社会の取り組みはどのようなものでしたか

<Political stream>

AMR に関して、政治の窓が開いたタイミングはありましたか。あった場合にはそれはどの

ようなものでしたか

AMR の政治の窓を開くために、日本を含めた国際社会はどのような取り組みをしていまし

たか

125

...

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