1) 厚生労働省：健康日本 21（第二次）， https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/kenkou/kenkounippon21.html（2021 年 10 月 22 日）
2) 遠又靖丈，辻一郎，杉山賢明ら：健康日本 21（第二次）の健康寿命の目標を達成した場合における介護費・医療費の節減額に関する研究．日本公衛誌 2014； 61: 679-685
3) 内閣府： 2. 健康・福祉 令和 3 年版高齢社会白書（全体版）， https://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/whitepaper/w2021/html/zenbun/s1_2_2.html（2021 年 10 月 21 日）
4) 厚生労働省： 2019 年 国民生活基礎調査の概要 IV 介護の状況， https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/k-tyosa/k-tyosa19/index.htm（l 2021 年 10 月 22 日）
5) 折茂肇：骨粗鬆症の予防と治療ガイドライン 2015 年版．ライフサイエンス出版株式会社，2015;4
6) Claes L, Augat P, Suger G, et al: Influence of size and stability of the osteotomy gap on the success of fracture healing. J Orthop Res. 1997;15: 577-584
7) Claes L, Wilke H, Augat P, et al: Effect of dynamization on gap healing of diaphyseal fractures under external fixation. Clin Biomech. 1995; 10: 227-234
8) Claes L, Heigele C: Magnitudes of local stress and strain along bony surfaces predict the course and type of fracture healing. J Biomech. 1999; 32: 255-266
9) Sttofel K, Klaue K, Perren S: Functional load of plates in fracture fixation in vivo and its correlate in bone healing. Injury. 2001;32: 37-50
10) Hente R, Perren S: Tissue deformation controlling fracture healing. Journal of Biomechanics. 2021; 125: 110576
11) Long PH. Medical devices in orthopedic applications. Toxicol Pathol. 2008;36:85-91.
12) Cui CX, Hu BM, Zhao LC, et al: Titanium alloy production technology, market prospects and industry development. Materials & Design. 2011;32:1684-1691.
13) Khan MA, Williams RL, Williams DF: The corrosion behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al- 7Nb and Ti-13Nb-13Zr in protein solutions. Biomaterials. 1999; 20:631-637.
14) Rack HJ, Qazi JI: Titanium alloys for biomedical applications. Materials Science & Engineering C-Biomimetic and Supramolecular Systems. 2006;26:1269-1277.
15) Uhthoff HK, Bardos DI, Liskova-Kiar M: The advantages of titanium alloy over stainless steel plates for the internal fixation of fractures. An experimental study in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1981;63-B:427-484.
16) Bayraktar HH, Morgan EF, Niebur GL, et al: Comparison of the elastic and yield properties of human femoral trabecular and cortical bone tissue. Journal of Biomechanics. 2004;37:27-35.
17) Glassman AH, Bobyn JD, Tanzer M. New femoral designs: do they influence stress shielding? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;453:64-74.
18) Huiskes R, Weinans H, van Rietbergen B. The relationship between stress shielding and bone resorption around total hip stems and the effects of flexible materials. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992:124-134.
19) Maistrelli GL, Fornasier V, Binnington A, et al: Effect of stem modulus in a total hip arthroplasty model. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991;73:43-46.
20) Ebraheim NA, Martin A, Sochacki KR, et al: Nonunion of distal femoral fractures: a systematic review. Orthop Surg. 2013; 5:46-50.
21) Henderson CE, Kuhl LL, Fitzpatrick DC, et al: Locking plates for distal femur fractures: is there a problem with fracture healing? J Orthop Trauma. 2011;25 Suppl 1: S8-14.
22) Molster AO, Gjerdet NR, Raugstad TS, et al: Effect of instability of experimental fracture healing. Acta Orthop Scand. 1982; 53:521-526.
23) Molster AO, Gjerdet NR, Alho A, et al: Fracture healing after rigid intramedullary nailing in rats. Acta Orthop Scand. 1983;54:366-373.
24) Perren SM: Evolution of the internal fixation of long bone fractures. The scientific basis of biological internal fixation: choosing a new balance between stability and biology. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84:1093-1110.
25) Niinomi M, Nakai M: Titanium-based biomaterials for preventing stress shielding between Implant Devices and Bone. Int J Biomater. 2011;2011:836587.
26) Sha M, Guo Z, Fu J, et al: The effects of nail rigidity on fracture healing in rats with osteoporosis. Acta Orthop. 2009;80:135-138.
27) Matsumoto H, Watanabe S, Hanada S: Beta TiNbSn alloys with low young's modulus and high strength. Materials Transactions. 2005;46:1070-1078.
28) Miura K, Yamada N, Hanada S, et al: The bone tissue compatibility of a new Ti-Nb-Sn alloy with a low Young's modulus. Acta Biomaterialia. 2011;7:2320-2326.
29) Jung TK, Semboshi S, Masahashi N, et al: Mechanical properties and microstructures of beta Ti-25Nb-11Sn ternary alloy for biomedical applications. Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications. 2013;33:1629-1635.
30) Kunii T, Mori Y, Tanaka H, et al: Improved osseointegration of a TiNbSn alloy with a low young's modulus treated with anodic oxidation. Sci Rep. 2019;9:13985.
31) Masahashi N, Mori Y, Tanaka H, et al: Study of bioactivity on a TiNbSn alloy surface. Thin Solid Films. 2017;639:22-28.
32) Masahashi N, Mori Y, Tanaka H, et al: Bioactive TiNbSn alloy prepared by anodization in sulfuric acid electrolytes. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019;98:753-763.
33) Tanaka H, Mori Y, Noro A, et al: Apatite formation and biocompatibility of a low young's modulus Ti-Nb-Sn alloy treated with anodic oxidation and hot water. Plos One. 2016;11 :e0150081.
34) Masahashi N, Mori Y, Kurishima H, Inoue H, Mokudai T, Semboshi S, Hatakeyama M, Itoi E, Hanada S. Photoactivity of an anodized biocompatible TiNbSn alloy prepared in sodium tartrate/hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution. Appl Surf Sci. 2021;543:148829.
35) Hatakeyama M, Masahashi N, Michiyama Y, et al: Mechanical properties of anodized TiNbSn alloy for biomedical applications. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2021;825:141898.
36) Hatakeyama M, Masahashi N, Michiyama Y, et al: Wear resistance of surface-modified TiNbSn alloy. J Mater Sci. 2021;56:14333-14347.
37) Hanada S, Masahashi N, Jung TK, et al: Fabrication of a high-performance hip prosthetic stem using beta Ti-33.6Nb-4Sn. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2014;30:140-149.
38) Fujisawa H, Mori Y, Kogure A, et al: Effects of intramedullary nails composed of a new beta-type Ti-Nb-Sn alloy with low Young's modulus on fracture healing in mouse tibiae. J Biomed Mater Res B. 2018;106:2841-2848.
39) Kogure A, Mori Y, Tanaka H, et al: Effects of elastic intramedullary nails composed of low Young's modulus Ti-Nb-Sn alloy on healing of tibial osteotomies in rabbits. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2019;107:700-707.
40) Oizumi I, Hamai R, Shiwaku Y, et al: Impact of simultaneous hydrolysis of OCP and PLGA on bone induction of a PLGA-OCP composite scaffold in a rat femoral defect. Acta Biomater. 2021;124:358-373.
41) Kamimura M, Mori Y, Sugahara-Tobinai A, et al: Impaired fracture healing caused by deficiency of the immunoreceptor adaptor protein DAP12. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0128210.
42) Mori Y, Adams D, Hagiwara Y, et al: Identification of a progenitor cell population destined to form fracture fibrocartilage callus in Dickkopf-related protein 3-green fluorescent protein reporter mice. J Bone Miner Metab. 2016;34:606-614.
43) Matthews BG, Novak S, Sbrana FV, et al: Heterogeneity of murine periosteum progenitors involved in fracture healing. Elife. 2021;10.
44) Roeder E, Matthews BG, Kalajzic I: Visual reporters for study of the osteoblast lineage. Bone. 2016;92:189-195.
45) Augat P, Burger J, Schorlemmer S, et al: Shear movement at the fracture site delays healing in a diaphyseal fracture model. J Orthop Res. 2003;21:1011-1017.
46) Claes L, Augat P, Suger G, et al: Influence of size and stability of the osteotomy gap on the success of fracture healing. J Orthop Res. 1997;15:577-584.
47) Utvag SE, Reikeras O: Effects of nail rigidity on fracture healing. Strength and mineralisation in rat femoral bone. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1998;118:7-13.
48) Foux A, Yeadon AJ, Uhthoff HK. Improved fracture healing with less rigid plates. A biomechanical study in dogs. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997:232-245.
49) Henschel J, Tsai S, Fitzpatrick DC, et al: Comparison of 4 methods for dynamization of locking plates: differences in the amount and type of fracture motion. J Orthop Trauma. 2017;31:531-537.
50) Dobele S, Gardner M, Schroter S, et al: DLS 5.0--the biomechanical effects of dynamic locking screws. PLoS One. 2014;9:e91933.
51) Bottlang M, Doornink J, Fitzpatrick DC, et al: Far cortical locking can reduce stiffness of locked plating constructs while retaining construct strength. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91:1985-1994.
52) Bottlang M, Schemitsch CE, Nauth A, et al: Biomechanical concepts for fracture fixation. J Orthop Trauma. 2015;29 Suppl 12:S28-33.
53) Gardner MJ, Nork SE, Huber P, et al: Less rigid stable fracture fixation in osteoporotic bone using locked plates with near cortical slots. Injury. 2010;41:652-656.
54) Sumitomo N, Noritake K, Hattori T, et al: Experiment study on fracture fixation with low rigidity titanium alloy: plate fixation of tibia fracture model in rabbit. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2008;19:1581-1586.
55) Yamako G, Janssen D, Hanada S, et al: Improving stress shielding following total hip arthroplasty by using a femoral stem made of beta type Ti-33.6Nb-4Sn with a Young's modulus gradation. J Biomech. 2017; 63:135-143.
56）田隅三生. 標準化学用語辞典．第 2 版，丸善出版，東京，2005．
57）糸満盛憲．AO 法 骨折治療 第 2 版. 2003
58）早稲田嘉夫. 金属便覧．第 6 版，丸善株式会社，東京，2008．
59）上田正人. チタン・チタン合金の基礎知識. 特殊鋼. 2020;69(4): 5-7.
論文の公開元へ
