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過酸化水素処理後のゲノム安定性維持に関わるCST複合体の機能解析

原, 智彦 京都大学 DOI:10.14989/doctor.k24981

2023.11.24

概要

真核生物の線状ゲノム DNA は染色体を形成し、
その末端部分はテロメアと呼ばれる。
テロメアは反復配列(ヒトの場合 5’-TTAGGG-3’ / 5’-CCCTAA-3’)からなる DNA と、
反復配列に特異的に結合する蛋白質群によって構成される。これらのテロメア結合蛋白
質はヌクレアーゼによるテロメア DNA の分解や不必要な二本鎖 DNA 切断修復を防ぐ。
テロメアの最末端一本鎖 DNA に結合する因子として、
CST 複合体
(CTC1-STN1-TEN1)
が哺乳類細胞で同定された(Miyake Y et al., 2009)。近年、CST 複合体はテロメアを保護
するだけでなく、DNA 複製フォークの進行再開を促すことが報告されている。また、
同複合体が全ゲノム上のグアニン・シトシンに富む反復 DNA 領域に局在することも見
出された。すなわち CST 複合体はテロメア関連因子として従来認識されていたが、機
能解析の対象範囲は全ゲノムに拡張された。全ゲノム上で進行停止した複製フォークは
DNA 損傷として認識されるものの、修復反応に同複合体が寄与するか未解明である。
DNA 損傷の原因と修復経路は様々だが、本研究では、ミトコンドリアなど内在的な原
因から生じ、かつ複製フォークの進行にも影響しうる酸化的な DNA 損傷に着目した。
そこで、酸化ストレスに曝されたヒト由来培養細胞における CST 複合体の働きを調べ
た。
CST 複合体と活性酸素種(過酸化水素)に対する感受性との関連性を調べるために、
恒常的に STN1 をノックダウンした HeLa 細胞を実験に供した。STN1 ノックダウンによ
って培地に過酸化水素を添加した際の細胞生存率は減少し、また、一本鎖および二本鎖
DNA 切断が顕著に検出された。過酸化水素による DNA 損傷は細胞周期によらず引き
起こされたが、同処理に対して特に DNA 複製中の細胞が生存率の低下を示したため、
CST 複合体と DNA 複製との関連性を調べた。同複合体は通常の DNA 複製には関与し
なかったが、STN1 ノックダウンによって過酸化水素処理後の新生鎖 DNA 合成反応が
妨げられた。さらに、過酸化水素に曝された細胞における CST 複合体の機能を探るた
め、複製フォークの進行再開や DNA 修復に寄与する RAD51 リコンビナーゼに着目し
た。過酸化水素処理された STN1 ノックダウン細胞の核では RAD51 フォーカスが形成
されず、また、RAD51 阻害剤は過酸化水素処理後の生存率に対して STN1 ノックダウン
と同等の効果をもたらした。すなわち、CST 複合体は酸化ストレスに曝された DNA 上
に RAD51 を結合させ、ゲノムの恒常性に寄与することが示唆された。
以上の結果から、CST 複合体は複製中のゲノム上で RAD51 を介して酸化的な DNA
損傷の解消を促していると考えられる。従来の報告では同複合体と RAD51 によって一
時停止した複製フォークの進行再開が促されるモデルが提唱されていたが、それらは
DNA 鎖切断がほとんど起きない条件下で得られた知見だった。過酸化水素処理によっ
て形成された損傷塩基との衝突も複製フォークの進行停止をもたらす。 ...

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謝辞

本研究を行うという大変貴重な機会を与えて下さり、大学院入院前より常に幅広い見識から

終始懇切なる御指導ならびに御鞭撻を賜りました、指導教員の石川冬木名誉教授に深く感謝

し、厚く御礼申し上げます。学位申請に際して主査となっていただいた上村匡教授に心より感

謝致します。実験の計画段階から学術論文公表に至るまでの研究全般に渡り懇切丁寧な御

指導を賜りました、中岡秀憲助教と理化学研究所の三好知一郎チームリーダーに深く感謝致

します。実験を行った際に、必要な実験プロトコルや機器類・ソフトウェアをご提供いただいた

高原和彦准教授と髙田穣特任教授に厚く御礼申し上げます。学術論文を投稿した際に、的

確な英文校正と学術的なアドバイスを下さった James Alan Hejna 特命教授に深く感謝致

します。 研究内容や進路に関する御助言を数多く与えて下さり、研究者としての道筋をお示し

いただいた京都府立大学の森川耿右博士に心より感謝致します。

本研究の起点となった実験データをもたらして下さった嶋祐輔氏に深く感謝の意を表します。

研究室離籍後も折に触れてお気遣いを下さり御助言いただいた林眞理客員准教授と東京理

科大学の定家真人准教授に心より感謝致します。共通試薬の作製等で研究を支えて下さった

技術専門職員の渡邉祐三氏、研究室における事務処理を一手に引き受けて下さると共に励

ましやお気遣いの言葉を常に掛けて下さった、秘書の白淵愛依子氏、木村恵子氏、林奈緒美

氏、津田貴子氏、平田陽子氏、ならびに阪本真弓氏に深く感謝の意を表します。

充実した研究生活を思う存分に行い、人間性・社会性・研究面で大きく成長した7年間を共

に過ごした石川研究室の皆様に深く感謝致します。

最後に、最大の理解者として研究生活を物心両面から応援して下さった家族に深く感謝し、

厚く御礼申し上げて謝辞にかえさせていただきます。

本学位論文は以下の学術論文の内容に基づいて書かれたものである。

Hara T, Nakaoka H, Miyoshi T, Ishikawa F. The CST complex facilitates cell survival under

oxidative genotoxic stress. PLoS One. 2023 Aug 17;18(8):e0289304.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289304 PMID: 37590191.

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