₁)高槻成紀.2014.唱歌「ふるさと」の生態学.山
と渓谷社,東京.213pp.
₂)環境省自然環境局生物多様性センター.2019.平
成30年度(2018年度)中大型哺乳類分布調査報告
書 クマ類(ヒグマ・ツキノワグマ)・カモシカ.
環境省自然環境局生物多様性センター,116pp.
₃)岩崎亘典・栗田英治・嶺田拓也.2008.農村と都
市・山地との境界領域で生じる軋轢と自然再生.
農村計画学会誌27:32–37.
₄)環境省自然環境局.2021.クマ類の出没対応マニュ
アル―改訂版―.環境省自然環境局,132pp.
₅)長野県.2017.長野県第二種特定鳥獣管理計画(第
₄期ツキノワグマ保護管理).長野県,17pp.
₆)Izumiyama, S. and Shiraishi, T. 2008. Seasonal
changes in elevation and habitat use of the Asiatic
black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in the Northern
Japan Alps. Mammal Study 29: 1–8.
₇)Takahata, C., Nielsen, S. E., Takii, A. and
Izumiyama, S. 2014. Habitat selection of a large
carnivore along human-wildlife boundaries in a
highly modified landscape. PLoS One 9: e86181.
₈)Takahata, C., Takii, A. and Izumiyama, S. 2017.
Season-specific habitat restriction in Asiatic black
bears, Japan. The Journal of Wildlife Management
81: 1254–1265.
₉)Koike, S. 2010. Long-term trends in food habits of
Asiatic black bears in the Misaka Mountains on
跡事例―.信州大学農学部 AFC 報告19:19–32.
13)出口善隆・佐藤衆介・菅原和夫.2003.飼料用ト
ウ モ ロ コ シ 圃 場 に お け る ツ キ ノ ワ グ マ(Ursus
thibetanus)の行動および被害の実態.日本畜産学
会報74:383–388.
14)中下留美子・瀧井暁子・濱口あかり・岸元良輔・
黒江美沙子・鈴木彌生子・泉山茂之.中部山岳国
立公園上高地内キャンプ場で発生した人身事故加
害ツキノワグマの食性履歴.2021.長野県環境保
全研究所研究報告17:1–7.
15)中下留美子・後藤光章・泉山茂之・林 秀剛・楊
宗興.2007.窒素・炭素安定同位体によるツキ
ノワグマ捕獲個体の養魚場ニジマス加害履歴の推
定.哺乳類科学47:19–23.
16)中下留美子・岸元良輔・瀧井暁子・橋本 操・鈴
木彌生子・林 秀剛・泉山茂之.2015.長野県塩
尻市における過去10年間のツキノワグマ捕獲状況
と捕獲個体の人里依存度.信州大学農学部 AFC 報
告13:89–98.
17)中下留美子・岸元良輔・瀧井暁子・橋本操・鈴木
彌生子・林秀剛・泉山茂之.2016.2014年長野県
大町市におけるツキノワグマの捕獲状況と捕獲個
体の人里依存度.信州大学農学部 AFC 報告14:
51–62.
18)DeNiro, M.J. and Epstein, S. 1978. Influence of diet
on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 42: 495–506.
19)DeNiro, M.J. and Epstein, S. 1981. Influence of diet
on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 45: 341–351.
20)Minagawa, M. and Wada, E. 1984. Stepwise
enrichment of δ15N along food chains: further
evidence and the relation between δ15N and
animal age. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48:
1135–1140.
21)中下留美子.2013.安定生元素同位体比分析によ
るツキノワグマの食性解析の方法と被害分析の事
例(総説)
.森林防疫62:13–17.
22)Nakashita, R. 2006. Reconstruction of the feeding
ツキノワグマによる洋ラン被害
history of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) by
26)Yamada, A. and Fujioka, M. 2010. Features of
carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Ph.D.
planted cypress trees vulnerable to damage by
dissertation. Tokyo University of Agriculture and
Technology, Tokyo, Japan. 100pp.
Japanese black bears. Ursus 21: 72–80.
27)西 真澄美・野崎英吉・八神徳彦・上馬康生・中
23)小森照彦・新津 陽・村上 高.1990.日照条件
田彩子.2003.クマの食料としてのスギ形成層周
がシンビジウムの生育・開花及び炭水化物含量に
辺部糖含有量について.石川県白山自然保護セン
及ぼす影響.山梨県総合農業試験場研究報告₄:
ター研究報告30:43–47.
17–26.
28)高畠千尋.2021.クマ類による人為景観周辺での
24)Kimball, B. A., Nolte, D. L., Engeman, R. M.,
生息地選択とその要因.哺乳類科学61:275–284.
Johnston, J. J. and Stermitz, F. R. 1998. Chemically
29)Saito, M., Yamauchi, K. and Aoi, T. 2008.
mediated foraging preference of black bears
Individual identification of Asiatic black bears
(Ursus americanus). Journal of Mammalogy 79:
using extracted DNA from damaged crops. Ursus
448–456.
19: 162–167.
25)Koike, S., Kasai, S., Yamazaki, K. and Furubayashi,
30)Steyaert, S.M.J.G., Endrestøl, A., Hackländer, K.,
K. 2008. Fruit phenology of Prunus jamasakura
Swenson, J.E. and Zedrosser, A. 2012. The mating
and the feeding habit of the Asiatic black bear as
system of the brown bear Ursus arctos. Mammal
a seed disperser. Ecological Research 23: 385–392.
Review 42: 12–34.
An Initial Record of Orchid Damage by Asian Black Bear
Akiko TAKII* and Rumiko NAKASHITA**
Shinshu University Institute for Mountain Science
**
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba
Summary
We examined the damage to cymbidiums by an Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus), which occurred
for the first time in the Kamiina region of Nagano Prefecture in August 2021. The bear invaded the
greenhouses and fed on 200-300 pots of cymbidiums in one night. The bear mainly fed on the cymbidium
valves. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of hairs and faecal contents of bears collected near the
greenhouses indicated that individuals using the site were feeding on fish from an adjacent fish farm.
Nutritional analysis of the cymbidium valves indicated that they had a relatively high sugar content. We
assume that the bear that visited the adjacent fish farm accidentally entered the greenhouses, and as a
result, the bear recognized them as forage and caused great damage.
Key Words: carbon and nitrogen stable isotope, cymbidium, orchids, Ursus thibetanus, wildlife damage
...