Arcus Foundation (2014) Extractive Industries and Ape Conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Aureli F, Schaffner CM, Boesch C, et al (2008) Fission‐Fusion Dynamics: New Research Frameworks. Current Anthropology 49:627–654. https://doi.org/10.1086/586708
Avenard J-M, Eldin M, Girard G, et al Le milieu naturel de la Côte d’Ivoire. 401 Babiszewska M, Schel AM, Wilke C, Slocombe KE (2015) Social, contextual, and individual factors affecting the occurrence and acoustic structure of drumming bouts in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 156:125–134. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22634
Badji L, Ndiaye PI, Lindshield SM, et al (2018) Savanna chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) nesting ecology at Bagnomba (Kedougou, Senegal). Primates 59:235–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-017-0647-2
Baig MHA, Zhang L, Shuai T, Tong Q (2014) Derivation of a tasselled cap transformation based on Landsat 8 at-satellite reflectance. Remote Sensing Letters 5:423–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2014.915434
Balasubramaniam KN, Bliss-Moreau E, Beisner BA, et al (2021) Addressing the challenges of research on human-wildlife interactions using the concept of Coupled Natural & Human Systems. Biological Conservation 257:109095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109095
Ban SD, Boesch C, Janmaat KRL (2014) Taï chimpanzees anticipate revisiting high- valued fruit trees from further distances. Anim Cogn 17:1353–1364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-014-0771-y
Barrios E, Valencia V, Jonsson M, et al (2018) Contribution of trees to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management 14:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2017.1399167
Biotope (2019) Protected areas in Guinea, data compiled from various sources Boesch C (1991a) The Effects of Leopard Predation On Grouping Patterns in Forest Chimpanzees. Behav 117:220–241. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853991X00544
Boesch C (1991b) Symbolic communication in wild chimpanzees? Hum Evol 6:81–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02435610
Boesch C, Boesch H (1984) Mental map in wild chimpanzees: An analysis of hammer transports for nut cracking. Primates 25:160–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02382388
Boesch C, Bombjaková D, Boyette A, Meier A (2017) Technical intelligence and culture: Nut cracking in humans and chimpanzees. Am J Phys Anthropol 163:339–355. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23211
Boesch C, Head J, Robbins MM (2009) Complex tool sets for honey extraction among chimpanzees in Loango National Park, Gabon. Journal of Human Evolution 56:560–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.04.001
Bolstad P, Lillesand T (1992) Improved classification of forest vegetation in Northern Wisconsin through a rule-based combination of soils, terrains, and Landsat Thematic Mapper data. Forest Science 38:5–20
Bouamrane M, Spierenburg M, Agrawal A, et al (2016) Stakeholder engagement and biodiversity conservation challenges in social-ecological systems: some insights from biosphere reserves in western Africa and France. E&S 21:art25. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08812-210425
Brockerhoff EG, Barbaro L, Castagneyrol B, et al (2017) Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Biodivers Conserv 26:3005–3035. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1453-2
Brown CH, Waser PM (2017) Primate Habitat Acoustics. In: Quam RM, Ramsier MA, Fay RR, Popper AN (eds) Primate Hearing and Communication. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 79–107
Brugiere D, Kormos R (2009) Review of the protected area network in Guinea, West Africa, and recommendations for new sites for biodiversity conservation.
Biodivers Conserv 18:847–868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9508-z
Bryson-Morrison N, Matsuzawa T, Humle T (2016) Chimpanzees in an anthropogenic landscape: Examining food resources across habitat types at Bossou, Guinea, West Africa: Chimpanzees in an Anthropogenic Landscape. Am J Primatol 78:1237–1249. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22578
Camara A, Dugué P, Cheylan J-P, Kalms J-M (2009) De la forêt naturelle aux agroforêts en Guinée forestière. Cahiers Agricultures 18:425–432. https://doi.org/10.1684/agr.2009.0325
Campbell JB, Wynne RH (2011) Introduction to remote sensing, 5th edn. The Guilford Press, New York
Carvalho S, Biro D, McGrew WC, Matsuzawa T (2009) Tool-composite reuse in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): archaeologically invisible steps in the technological evolution of early hominins? Anim Cogn 12:103–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-009-0271-7
CBD (2004) CoP 7 decision VII/29. Protected areas (Articles 8 (a) to (e)). https://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/?id=7765. Accessed 3 Mar 2021
CEPF (2015) Ecosystem profile: Guinean forests of West Africa biodiversity hotspot.pdf Chapin III FS, Zavaleta ES, Eviner VT, et al (2000) Consequences of changing
biodiversity. Nature 405:234–242. https://doi.org/10.1038/35012241
Chapman CA, Chapman LJ, Wrangham RW (1995) Ecological constraints on group size: an analysis of spider monkey and chimpanzee subgroups. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 36:59–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00175729
Clee PRS, Abwe EE, Ambahe RD, et al (2015) Chimpanzee population structure in Cameroon and Nigeria is associated with habitat variation that may be lost under climate change. BMC Evol Biol 15:2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-014-0275-z
Cohen WB, Goward SN (2004) Landsat’s Role in Ecological Applications of Remote Sensing. BioScience 54:535–545. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006- 3568(2004)054[0535:LRIEAO]2.0.CO;2
Cohen WB, Spies TA, Fiorella M (1995) Estimating the age and structure of forests in a multi-ownership landscape of western Oregon, U.S.A. International Journal of Remote Sensing 16:721–746. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169508954436
Cook S, Silici L, Adolph B (2015) Sustainable intensification revisited. International Institute for Environment and Development
Crist EP, Cicone RC (1984) A Physically-Based Transformation of Thematic Mapper Data—The TM Tasseled Cap. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing GE-22:256–263. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.1984.350619
Curtis PG, Slay CM, Harris NL, et al (2018) Classifying drivers of global forest loss. Science 361:1108–1111. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau3445
De Reu J, Bourgeois J, Bats M, et al (2013) Application of the topographic position index to heterogeneous landscapes. Geomorphology 186:39–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.12.015
Dirzo R, Raven PH (2003) Global State of Biodiversity and Loss. Annu Rev Environ Resour 28:137–167. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105532
Dormann CF, Elith J, Bacher S, et al (2013) Collinearity: a review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance. Ecography 36:27–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07348.x
Eger AM, Curtis JMR, Fortin M-J, et al (2017) Transferability and scalability of species distribution models: a test with sedentary marine invertebrates. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 74:766–778. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0129
Elith J, H. Graham C, P. Anderson R, et al (2006) Novel methods improve prediction of species’ distributions from occurrence data. Ecography 29:129–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04596.x
Elith J, Kearney M, Phillips S (2010) The art of modelling range-shifting species.Methods in Ecology and Evolution 1:330–342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041- 210X.2010.00036.x
Elith J, Phillips SJ, Hastie T, et al (2011) A statistical explanation of MaxEnt for ecologists: Statistical explanation of MaxEnt. Diversity and Distributions 17:43–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00725.x
Escalante T, Rodríguez-Tapia G, Linaje M, et al (2013) Identification of areas of endemism from species distribution models: threshold selection and Nearctic mammals. TIP 16:5–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1405-888X(13)72073-4
ESRI (2011) ArcGIS Desktop: Release 10.2.2. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA
Estes LD, Reillo PR, Mwangi AG, et al (2010) Remote sensing of structural complexity indices for habitat and species distribution modeling. Remote Sensing of Environment 114:792–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.11.016
FAO (2010) Evaluation des Ressources Forestières Mondiales 2010: Rapport National Guinée. Rome
Farina A (2019) Ecoacoustics: A Quantitative Approach to Investigate the Ecological Role of Environmental Sounds. Mathematics 7:21. https://doi.org/10.3390/math7010021
Ferrer-Sánchez Y, Rodríguez-Estrella R (2016) How rare species conservation management can be strengthened with the use of ecological niche modelling: The case for endangered endemic Gundlach’s Hawk and Cuban Black-Hawk. Global Ecology and Conservation 5:88–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2015.11.008
Fourcade Y, Engler JO, Rödder D, Secondi J (2014) Mapping Species Distributions with MAXENT Using a Geographically Biased Sample of Presence Data: A Performance Assessment of Methods for Correcting Sampling Bias. PLoS ONE 9:e97122. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097122
Franklin J (2009) Mapping species distributions: Spatial inference and prediction.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Fruth B, Hohmann G (1994) Comparative analyses of nest building behavior in bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). In: Wrangham R, McGrew WC, De Waal FBM, Heltne PG (eds) Chimpanzee cultures. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 109–128
Garnett T, Appleby MC, Balmford A, et al (2013) Sustainable Intensification in Agriculture: Premises and Policies. Science 341:33–34. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1234485
Garriga RM, Marco I, Casas-Díaz E, et al (2019) Factors influencing wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) relative abundance in an agriculture-swamp matrix outside protected areas. PLoS ONE 14:e0215545. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215545
Geldmann J, Manica A, Burgess ND, et al (2019) A global-level assessment of the effectiveness of protected areas at resisting anthropogenic pressures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116:23209–23215. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908221116
Gessler PE, Moore ID, McKenzie NJJ, Ryan PJ (1995) Soil-landscape modelling and spatial prediction of soil attributes. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 9:421–432. https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799508902047
GFOI (2014) Integrating Remote-Sensing and Ground-Based Observations for Estimation of Emissions and Removals of Greenhouse Gases in Forests: Methods and Guidance from the Global Forest Observations Initiative, 1st edn. Group on Earth Observations
Gibson L, Lee TM, Koh LP, et al (2011) Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity. Nature 478:378–381. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10425
Ginn LP, Robison J, Redmond I, Nekaris KAI (2013) Strong evidence that the West African chimpanzee is extirpated from Burkina Faso. Oryx 47:325–326. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605313000434
Goodall J (1968) A preliminary report on expressive movements and communication in the Gombe Stream chimpanzee. In: Jay PC (ed) Primates - Studies in Adaptation and Variability. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York, pp 313–374
Goodall J (1986) The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
Gregory T, Mullett A, Norconk MA (2014) Strategies for navigating large areas: A GIS spatial ecology analysis of the bearded saki monkey, Chiropotes sagulatus , in Suriname: Spatial Ecology of Bearded Sakis. Am J Primatol 76:586–595. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22251
Guisan A, Weiss SB, Weiss AD, et al (1999) GLM versus CCA Spatial Modeling of Plant Species Distribution GLM versus CCA spatial modeling of plant species distribution. Plant Ecology 143:107–122. https://doi.org/Doi 10.1023/A:1009841519580
Hansen MC, Wang L, Song X-P, et al (2020) The fate of tropical forest fragments.Science Advances 6:eaax8574. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax8574
Heinicke S, Mundry R, Boesch C, et al (2019) Advancing conservation planning for western chimpanzees using IUCN SSC A.P.E.S.—the case of a taxon-specific database. Environ Res Lett 14:064001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748- 9326/ab1379
Heinicke S, Ordaz‐Németh I, Junker J, et al (2021) Open-access platform to synthesize knowledge of ape conservation across sites. American Journal of Primatology 83:e23213. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23213
Hickey JR, Nackoney J, Nibbelink NP, et al (2013) Human proximity and habitat fragmentation are key drivers of the rangewide bonobo distribution. Biodivers Conserv 22:3085–3104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-013-0572-7
Hicks TC, Darby L, Hart J, et al (2010) Trade in Orphans and Bushmeat Threatens One of The Democratic Republic of the Congo’s Most Important Populations of Eastern Chimpanzees. 18
Hill CM (2015) Perspectives of “Conflict” at the Wildlife–Agriculture Boundary: 10 Years On. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 20:296–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2015.1004143
Hobaiter C, Byrne RW (2017) What is a gesture? A meaning-based approach to defining gestural repertoires. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 82:3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.03.008
Hockings KJ (2016) Mitigating Human–Nonhuman Primate Conflict. In: The International Encyclopedia of Primatology. American Cancer Society, pp 1–2
Hockings KJ, Anderson JR, Matsuzawa T (2012) Socioecological adaptations by chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus, inhabiting an anthropogenically impacted habitat. Animal Behaviour 83:801–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.01.002
Hockings KJ, McLennan MR, Carvalho S, et al (2015) Apes in the Anthropocene: flexibility and survival. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30:215–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2015.02.002
Humle T (2011) Location and Ecology. In: Matsuzawa T, Humle T, Sugiyama Y (eds) The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba. Springer, New York, pp 3–21
Humle T, Boesch C, Campbell G, et al (2016a) Pan troglodytes ssp. verus (errata version published in 2016)
Humle T, Maisels F, Oates JF, et al (2016b) Pan troglodytes (errata version published in 2018)
Humle T, Matsuzawa T (2001) Behavioural diversity among the wild chimpanzee populations of Bossou and neighbouring areas, Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa: A preliminary report. Folia Primatologica 72:57–68. https://doi.org/10.1159/000049924
Humle T, Matsuzawa T (2004) Oil Palm Use by Adjacent Communities of Chimpanzees at Bossou and Nimba Mountains, West Africa. International Journal of Primatology 25:551–581. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:IJOP.0000023575.93644.f4
International Monetary Fund (2013) Guinea: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper IPBES (2019) Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany
Isbell F, Gonzalez A, Loreau M, et al (2017) Linking the influence and dependence of people on biodiversity across scales. Nature 546:65–72. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22899
Itoh N, Nishida T (2007) Chimpanzee grouping patterns and food availability in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates 48:87–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-006-0031-0
IUCN (2016) Protected Area Categories. In: IUCN. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-area-categories. Accessed 9 Mar 2021
IUCN (2020) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-3
IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (2020) Regional action plan for the conservation of western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) 2020–2030. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature
Iverson LR, Dale ME, Scott CT, Prasad A (1997) A GIS-derived integrated moisture index to predict forest composition and productivity of Ohio forests (U.S.A.). Landscape Ecology 12:331–348. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007989813501
Jantz S, Pintea L, Nackoney J, Hansen M (2016) Landsat ETM+ and SRTM Data Provide Near Real-Time Monitoring of Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Habitats in Africa. Remote Sensing 8:427. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8050427
Johnson KB, Jacob A, Brown ME (2013) Forest cover associated with improved child health and nutrition: evidence from the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey and satellite data. Glob Health Sci Pract 1:237–248. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-13-00055
Junker J, Blake S, Boesch C, et al (2012) Recent decline in suitable environmental conditions for African great apes. Diversity and Distributions 18:1077–1091. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12005
Kalan AK, Carmignani E, Kronland-Martinet R, et al (2019) Chimpanzees use tree species with a resonant timbre for accumulative stone throwing. Biology Letters 15:20190747. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0747
Klump BC, Cantat M, Rutz C (2019) Raw-material selectivity in hook-tool-crafting New Caledonian crows. Biol Lett 15:20180836. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0836
Koops K (2011a) Elementary technology of foraging and shelter in the chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of the Nimba Mountains, Guinea. University of Cambrige
Koops K (2011b) Chimpanzees of the Seringbara Region of the Nimba Mountains. In: Matsuzawa T, Humle T, Sugiyama Y (eds) The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba. Springer, New York, pp 277–287
Koops K (2011c) Elementary technology of foraging and shelter in the chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of the Nimba Mountains, Guinea. University of Cambrige
Koops K, Humle T, Sterck EHM, Matsuzawa T (2007) Ground-nesting by the chimpanzees of the Nimba Mountains, Guinea: environmentally or socially determined? Am J Primatol 69:407–419. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20358
Koops K, Matsuzawa T (2006) Hand Clapping by a Chimpanzee in the Nimba Mountains, Guinea, West Africa. Pan Africa News 13:. https://doi.org/10.5134/143467
Koops K, Mcgrew W, De Vries H, Matsuzawa T (2012a) Nest-Building by Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Seringbara, Nimba Mountains: Antipredation, Thermoregulation, and Antivector Hypotheses. International Journal of Primatology 33:. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-012-9585-4
Koops K, McGrew WC, de Vries H, Matsuzawa T (2012b) Nest-Building by Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Seringbara, Nimba Mountains: Antipredation, Thermoregulation, and Antivector Hypotheses. Int J Primatol 33:356–380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-012-9585-4
Koops K, McGrew WC, Matsuzawa T (2013) Ecology of culture: do environmental factors influence foraging tool use in wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus? Animal Behaviour 85:175–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.10.022
Koops K, McGrew WC, Matsuzawa T, Knapp LA (2012c) Terrestrial nest-building by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Implications for the tree-to-ground sleep transition in early hominins. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:351–361. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22056
Koops K, Schöning C, McGrew WC, Matsuzawa T (2015) Chimpanzees prey on army ants at Seringbara, Nimba Mountains, Guinea: Predation patterns and tool use characteristics. American Journal of Primatology 77:319–329. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22347
Koops K, Wrangham RW, Cumberlidge N, et al (2019) Crab-fishing by chimpanzees in the Nimba Mountains, Guinea. Journal of Human Evolution 133:230–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.05.002
Kormos R, Boesch C, Bakarr M, Butynski T (2003) West African chimpanzees: status survey and conservation action plan
Kortlandt A (1986) The use of stone tools by wild-living chimpanzees and earliest hominids. Journal of Human Evolution 15:77–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2484(86)80068-9
Kühl HS, Kalan AK, Arandjelovic M, et al (2016) Chimpanzee accumulative stone throwing. Scientific Reports 6:22219. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22219
Kühl HS, Sop T, Williamson EA, et al (2017) The Critically Endangered western chimpanzee declines by 80%. Am J Primatol 79:e22681. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22681
Kumar S, Neven LG, Yee WL (2014) Evaluating correlative and mechanistic niche models for assessing the risk of pest establishment. Ecosphere 5:art86. https://doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00050.1
Langergraber KE, Watts DP, Vigilant L, Mitani JC (2017) Group augmentation, collective action, and territorial boundary patrols by male chimpanzees. PNAS 114:7337–7342. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701582114
Laurance WF, Carolina Useche D, Rendeiro J, et al (2012) Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected areas. Nature 489:290–294. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11318
Lehmann J, Boesch C (2004) To fission or to fusion: effects of community size on wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) social organisation. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 56:207–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-004-0781-x
Lin D, Hanscom L, Murthy A, et al (2018) Ecological Footprint Accounting for Countries: Updates and Results of the National Footprint Accounts, 2012–2018. Resources 7:58. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources7030058
Liu C, Berry PM, Dawson TP, Pearson RG (2005) Selecting thresholds of occurrence in the prediction of species distributions. Ecography 28:385–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2005.03957.x
Maisels F, Morgan D, Greer D, et al (2016) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Pan troglodytes ssp. troglodytes. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T15936A17990042.en
Matsuzawa T, Humle T (2011) Bossou: 33 Years. In: Matsuzawa T, Humle T, Sugiyama Y (eds) The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba. Springer, New York, pp 361– 370
Matsuzawa T, Humle T, Sugiyama Y (eds) (2011a) The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba. Springer, New York
Matsuzawa T, Ohashi G, Humle T, et al (2011b) Corridor Project: Planting Trees in the Savanna Between Bossou and Nimba. In: Matsuzawa T, Humle T, Sugiyama Y (eds) The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba. Springer, New York, pp 361–370
Matsuzawa T, Yamakoshi G (1996) Comparison of chimpanzee material culture between Bossou and Nimba, West Africa. In: Reaching into thought: The minds of the great apes. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, US, pp 211–232
Mayaux P, Holmgren P, Achard F, et al (2005) Tropical forest cover change in the 1990s and options for future monitoring. Phil Trans R Soc B 360:373–384. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1590
McCune B, Keon D (2002) Equations for Potential Annual Direct Incident Radiation and Heat Load. Journal of Vegetation Science VO - 13 603
McGrew WC (2013) Is primate tool use special? Chimpanzee and New Caledonian crow compared. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 368:. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0422
McLennan MR (2008) Beleaguered Chimpanzees in the Agricultural District of Hoima, Western Uganda. Primate Conservation 23:45–54. https://doi.org/10.1896/052.023.0105
McLennan MR, Hill CM (2012a) Troublesome neighbours: Changing attitudes towards chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in a human-dominated landscape in Uganda.Journal for Nature Conservation 20:219–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2012.03.002
McLennan MR, Hill CM (2012b) Troublesome neighbours: Changing attitudes towards chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in a human-dominated landscape in Uganda.Journal for Nature Conservation 20:219–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2012.03.002
McLennan MR, Spagnoletti N, Hockings KJ (2017) The Implications of Primate Behavioral Flexibility for Sustainable Human–Primate Coexistence in Anthropogenic Habitats. Int J Primatol 38:105–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-017-9962-0
McNab WH (1989) Terrain shape index: quantifying effect of minor landforms on tree height. Forest Science 35:91–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2014.08.002
McNab WH (1993) A topographic index to quantify the effect of mesoscale landform on site productivity. Can J For Res 23:1100–1107
Mehlman PT, Doran DM (2002) Influencing Western Gorilla Nest Construction at Mondika Research Center. International Journal of Primatology 23:1257–1285. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021126920753
Mendenhall CD, Shields-Estrada A, Krishnaswami AJ, Daily GC (2016) Quantifying and sustaining biodiversity in tropical agricultural landscapes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:14544–14551. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604981113
Mitani JC, Watts DP, Lwanga JS (2002) Ecological and social correlates of chimpanzee party size and composition. In: Boesch C, Hohmann G, Marchant L (eds) Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 102–111
Mitchard ETA (2018) The tropical forest carbon cycle and climate change. Nature 559:527–534. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0300-2
Mittermeier RA, Robles Gil P, Hoffman M, et al (2004) Hotspots revisited: :Earth’s Most Biologically Richest and Most Threatened Ecoregions. CEMEX, Monterrey, Mexico
Morin P, Moore J, Chakraborty R, et al (1994) Kin selection, social structure, gene flow, and the evolution of chimpanzees. Science 265:1193–1201. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7915048
Morris RJ (2010) Anthropogenic impacts on tropical forest biodiversity: a network structure and ecosystem functioning perspective. Phil Trans R Soc B 365:3709– 3718. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0273
Mulavwa MN, Yangozene K, Yamba-Yamba M, et al (2010) Nest groups of wild bonobos at Wamba: selection of vegetation and tree species and relationships between nest group size and party size. Am J Primatol 72:575–586. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20810
Murphy MA, Evans JS, Storfer A, et al (2010) Quantifying Bufo boreas connectivity in Yellowstone National Park with landscape genetics Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article : Quantifying Bufo boreas connectivity in Yellowstone National Park with landscape genetics. Ecology 91:252–261
NASA JPL (2009) ASTER global digital elevation model V002 [data set]. NASA JPL Newton-Fisher NE, Reynolds V, Plumptre AJ (2000) Food Supply and Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Party Size in the Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda. International Journal of Primatology 21:613–628. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005561203763
Nishida T (1968) The social group of wild chimpanzees in the Mahali Mountains. Primates 9:167–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01730971
Nishida T, Kano T, Goodall J, et al (1999) Ethogram and Ethnography of Mahale Chimpanzees. Anthropological Science 107:141–188. https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.107.141
Normand E, Ban SD, Boesch C (2009) Forest chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) remember the location of numerous fruit trees. Anim Cogn 12:797–807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-009-0239-7
Normand E, Boesch C (2009) Sophisticated Euclidean maps in forest chimpanzees.Animal Behaviour 77:1195–1201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.01.025
Norris D (2014) Model Thresholds are More Important than Presence Location Type: Understanding the Distribution of Lowland tapir ( Tapirus Terrestris ) in a Continuous Atlantic Forest of Southeast Brazil. Tropical Conservation Science 7:529–547. https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291400700311
Oates JF, Doumbe O, Dunn A, et al (2015) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Pan troglodytes ssp. ellioti. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T40014A17990330.en
Oldekop JA, Holmes G, Harris WE, Evans KL (2016) A global assessment of the social and conservation outcomes of protected areas: Social and Conservation Impacts of Protected Areas. Conservation Biology 30:133–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12568
Olofsson P, Foody GM, Herold M, et al (2014) Good practices for estimating area and assessing accuracy of land change. Remote Sensing of Environment 148:42–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.02.015
Olofsson P, Foody GM, Stehman SV, Woodcock CE (2013) Making better use of accuracy data in land change studies: Estimating accuracy and area and quantifying uncertainty using stratified estimation. Remote Sensing of Environment 129:122–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.031
Olson DM, Dinerstein E, Wikramanayake ED, et al (2001) Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth. BioScience 51:933. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2
Pearce J, Ferrier S (2000) Evaluating the predictive performance of habitat models developed using logistic regression. Ecological Modelling 133:225–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(00)00322-7
Pearson RG, Raxworthy CJ, Nakamura M, Townsend Peterson A (2006) ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Predicting species distributions from small numbers of occurrence records: a test case using cryptic geckos in Madagascar: Predicting species distributions with low sample sizes. Journal of Biogeography 34:102–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01594.x
Phillips SJ, Anderson RP, Schapire RE (2006) Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling 190:231–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026
Phillips SJ, Dudík M (2008) Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation. Ecography 31:161–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.5203.x
Phillips SJ, Dudík M, Elith J, et al (2009) Sample selection bias and presence-only distribution models: implications for background and pseudo-absence data. Ecological Applications 19:181–197. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-2153.1
Phillips SJ, Dudík M, Schapire RE (2004) A maximum entropy approach to species distribution modeling. In: Twenty-first international conference on Machine learning - ICML ’04. ACM Press, Banff, Alberta, Canada, p 83
Pike RJ, Wilson SE (1971) Elevation-relief ratio, hypsometric integral, and geomorphic area-altitude analysis. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 82:1079– 1084. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[1079:ERHIAG]2.0.CO;2
Pimm SL, Jenkins CN, Abell R, et al (2014) The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection. Science 344:1246752–1246752. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246752
Pintea L, Bauer ME, Bolstad PV, Pusey A (2002) Matching Multiscale Remote Sensing Data to Interdisciplinary Conservation Needs: The Case of Chimpanzees in Western Tanzania. Conference Proceedings 12
Plumptre A, Hart JA, Hicks TC, et al (2016) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Pan troglodytes ssp. schweinfurthii. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T15937A17990187.en
Plumptre AJ (2010) Eastern Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, 2010-2020
Potapov P, Tyukavina A, Turubanova S, et al (2019) Annual continuous fields of woody vegetation structure in the Lower Mekong region from 2000‐2017 Landsat time- series. Remote Sensing of Environment 232:111278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111278
Potapov PV, Turubanova SA, Hansen MC, et al (2012) Quantifying forest cover loss in Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2000–2010, with Landsat ETM+ data.
Remote Sensing of Environment 122:106–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.027
Pretty J, Bharucha ZP (2014) Sustainable intensification in agricultural systems. Annals of Botany 114:1571–1596. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu205
R Core Team (2005) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for statistical computing, Vienna, Austria
Randin CF, Dirnböck T, Dullinger S, et al (2006) Are niche-based species distribution models transferable in space? J Biogeography 33:1689–1703. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01466.x
Reynolds V, Reynolds A (1965) Chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest. In: De Vore I (ed) Primate Behavior - Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York
Richards DG, Wiley RH (1980) Reverberations and Amplitude Fluctuations in the Propagation of Sound in a Forest: Implications for Animal Communication. The American Naturalist 115:381–399
Riley SJ, DeGloria SD, Elliot R (1999) A Terrain Ruggedness Index that Qauntifies Topographic Heterogeneity. Intermountain Journal of Sciences 5:23–27
Ritchie H, Roser M (2020) Guinea: Energy Country Profile. In: Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/energy/country/guinea. Accessed 19 Mar 2021
Rödder D, Lawing AM, Flecks M, et al (2013) Evaluating the Significance of Paleophylogeographic Species Distribution Models in Reconstructing Quaternary Range-Shifts of Nearctic Chelonians. PLoS ONE 8:e72855. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072855
Roe D, Seddon N, Elliott J (2019) Biodiversity loss is a development issue: A rapid review of evidence. 24
Romijn E, Lantican CB, Herold M, et al (2015) Assessing change in national forest monitoring capacities of 99 tropical countries. Forest Ecology and Management 352:109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.06.003
Roohnia M (2016) Wood: Acoustic Properties. In: Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering
Rushton SP, Ormerod SJ, Kerby G (2004) New paradigms for modelling species distributions? J Appl Ecology 41:193–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021- 8901.2004.00903.x
Sanz C, Morgan D, Strindberg S, Onononga JR (2007) Distinguishing between the nests of sympatric chimpanzees and gorillas. Journal of Applied Ecology 44:263–272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01278.x
Sanz CM, Morgan DB (2007) Chimpanzee tool technology in the Goualougo Triangle, Republic of Congo. Journal of Human Evolution 52:420–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.001
Schrauf C, Huber L, Visalberghi E (2008) Do capuchin monkeys use weight to select hammer tools? Anim Cogn 11:413–422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-007- 0131-2
Seed A, Byrne R (2010) Animal Tool-Use. Current Biology 20:R1032–R1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.09.042
Serckx A, Huynen M-C, Beudels-Jamar RC, et al (2016) Bonobo nest site selection and the importance of predictor scales in primate ecology. Am J Primatol 78:1326– 1343. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22585
Setchell JM, Fairet E, Shutt K, et al (2017) Biosocial Conservation: Integrating Biological and Ethnographic Methods to Study Human–Primate Interactions. Int J Primatol 38:401–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-016-9938-5
Sirianni G, Mundry R, Boesch C (2015) When to choose which tool: multidimensional and conditional selection of nut-cracking hammers in wild chimpanzees. Animal Behaviour 100:152–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.11.022
Slocombe KE, Zuberbühler K (2011) Vocal communication in chimpanzees. In: Lonsdorf EV, Ross SR, Matsuzawa T (eds) The mind of the chimpanzee. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 192–207
Songer M, Delion M, Biggs A, Huang Q (2012) Modeling Impacts of Climate Change on Giant Panda Habitat. International Journal of Ecology 2012:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/108752
Sonter LJ, Ali SH, Watson JEM (2018) Mining and biodiversity: key issues and research needs in conservation science. Proc R Soc B 285:20181926. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1926
Stanford CB, O’Malley RC (2008) Sleeping tree choice by Bwindi chimpanzees. Am J Primatol 70:642–649. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20539
Stehman SV (2013) Estimating area from an accuracy assessment error matrix. Remote Sensing of Environment 132:202–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.01.016
Stehman SV (2014) Estimating area and map accuracy for stratified random sampling when the strata are different from the map classes. International Journal of Remote Sensing 35:4923–4939. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2014.930207
Sullivan MJP, Lewis SL, Affum-Baffoe K, et al (2020) Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests. Science 368:869–874. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw7578
Swets JA (1988) Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems. Science 240:1285– 1293. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3287615
Torres J, Brito JC, Vasconcelos MJ, et al (2010) Ensemble models of habitat suitability relate chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) conservation to forest and landscape dynamics in Western Africa. Biological Conservation 143:416–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.007
Tyukavina A, Hansen MC, Potapov P, et al (2018) Congo Basin forest loss dominated by increasing smallholder clearing. Science Advances 4:eaat2993. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat2993
Tyukavina A, Hansen MC, Potapov PV, et al (2017) Types and rates of forest disturbance in Brazilian Legal Amazon, 2000–2013. Sci Adv 3:e1601047. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601047
UNEP-WCMC, IUCN (2019) Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). In: Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). https://www.protectedplanet.net/en. Accessed 18 Mar 2021
UNESCO (2019) What are Biosphere Reserves? In: UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/biosphere/about. Accessed 14 Apr 2021
United Nations (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, A/RES/70/1
van Leeuwen KL, Hill RA, Korstjens AH (2020a) Classifying Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Landscapes Across Large-Scale Environmental Gradients in Africa.Int J Primatol 41:800–821. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-020-00164-5
van Leeuwen KL, Matsuzawa T, Sterck EHM, Koops K (2020b) How to measure chimpanzee party size? A methodological comparison. Primates 61:201–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-019-00783-4
Van Rompaey R, Bakarr M, Byler D, et al (2001) From the forest to the sea: Biodiversity connections from Guinea to Togo.
Visalberghi E, Addessi E, Truppa V, et al (2009) Selection of Effective Stone Tools by Wild Bearded Capuchin Monkeys. Current Biology 19:213–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.064
Visalberghi E, Fragaszy D, Ottoni E, et al (2007) Characteristics of hammer stones and anvils used by wild bearded capuchin monkeys (Cebus libidinosus) to crack open palm nuts. Am J Phys Anthropol 132:426–444. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20546
Warren DL, Seifert SN (2011) Ecological niche modeling in Maxent: the importance of model complexity and the performance of model selection criteria. Ecological Applications 21:335–342. https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1171.1
Waser PM, Brown CH (1986) Habitat acoustics and primate communication. American Journal of Primatology 10:135–154. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1350100205
Waser PM, Waser MS (1977) Experimental Studies of Primate Vocalization: Specializations for Long-distance Propagation. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 43:239–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1977.tb00073.x
Watson JEM, Dudley N, Segan DB, Hockings M (2014) The performance and potential of protected areas. Nature 515:67–73. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13947
Wich SA, Gaveau D, Abram N, et al (2012) Understanding the Impacts of Land-Use Policies on a Threatened Species: Is There a Future for the Bornean Orang-utan? PLoS ONE 7:e49142. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049142
Wilson JW, Sexton JO, Todd Jobe R, Haddad NM (2013) The relative contribution of terrain, land cover, and vegetation structure indices to species distribution models. Biological Conservation 164:170–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.04.021
World Bank (2019) Guinea Overview. In: World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/guinea/overview. Accessed 4 Mar 2021
World Heritage Committee (2017) Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve. In: UNESCO World Heritage Centre. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/155/. Accessed 1 Nov 2020
Yamaha Corporation (2020) The Structure of the Drum: How sound is produced. https://www.yamaha.com/en/musical_instrument_guide/drums/mechanism/mech anism003.html. Accessed 1 Nov 2020
Zurell D, Elith J, Schröder B (2012) Predicting to new environments: tools for visualizing model behaviour and impacts on mapped distributions: Predicting to new environments. Diversity and Distributions 18:628–634. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00887.x