安全な温熱の利用と健康の喜び

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消費者庁ウェブサイト：生命・身体にかかわる危険

http : //www.caa.go.jp/notice/caution/life/（2020 年 6 月 6 日閲覧）

東京消防庁：STOP 高齢者の事故シリーズ②

https : //www.tfd.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/lfe/topics/stop/stop-old01.html（2020 年 6 月 6 日閲覧）

Ono J, Hashiguchi H, Sawatari H, Ohkusa T, Miyazono M, Son S, Magota C, Tochihara Y and Chishaki A :

Effect of water bath temperature on physiological parameters and subjective sensation in older people.

Geriatrics & Gerontology International 17 : 2164-2170, 2017.

樗木晶子，長弘千恵，金明煥，小林大佑，小車莉絵子，福田直行，中田亜希子，香川智啓，長家智子：高齢者

と若年者における入浴時の呼吸・循環動態の変化．日循予防誌 40：28-33，2005.

樗木晶子，長弘千恵，長家智子，赤司千波，小島夫美子，久保山直巳，安達隆博，小野順子，堀田昇，藤島和

孝，増本賢治：入浴中の循環動態の変化に関する基礎的研究―高齢者を対象に―．日循予防誌 39：9-14，

2004．

長弘千恵：健常高齢者の入浴時における浴室温が循環動態に及ぼす影響．日本公衆衛生雑誌 53：178-186，

2006．

堀進吾（研究代表者）厚生労働科学研究費補助金，循環器疾患・糖尿病等生活習慣病対策総合研究事業．入浴

関連事故の実態把握及び予防対策に関する研究．平成 24〜25 年度総合研究報告書．研究課題番号 H24-循環

器等（生習）-指定-022，平成 26 年 3 月．

樗木晶子，長弘千恵：温熱効果を生かした有用で安全な入浴をめざして．福岡医学雑誌 97：67-75，2006．

Sawatari H, Chishaki A, Miyazono M, Hashiguchi N, Maeno Y, Chishaki H and Tochihara Y : Different

physiological and subjective responses to the Hyperthermia between Young and Older Adults -Basic Study

for Thermal Therapy in Cardiovascular Diseases-. Journal of Gerontology : Series A : 70 : 912-916, 2015.

Inoue S, Takemoto M, Chishaki A, Ide T, Nishizaka M, Miyazono M, Sawatari H and Sunagawa K : Leg heating

using far infra-red radiation in patients with chronic heart failure acutely improves the hemodynamics,

vascular endothelial function, and oxidative stress. Internal Medicine 51 : 2263-2270, 2012.

Sawatari H, Nishizaka MK, Miyazono M, Ando S, Inoue S, Takemoto M, Sakamoto T, Goto D, Furumoto T,

Kinugawa S, Hashiguch N, Rahmawati A, Chishaki H, Ohkusa T, Magota C, Tsutsui H and Chishaki A : Three

nights leg thermal therapy could improve sleep quality in patients with chronic heart failure. Heart and

Vessels 33 : 155-162, 2018.

宮園真美，澤渡浩之，橋口暢子，樗木晶子：健常高齢女性の冷え症状，睡眠，および血管内皮機能に対する下

肢加温 2ヶ月連続使用の効果．日本循環器病予防学会誌 53：114-122，2018．

Sawatari H, Chishaki A, Nishizaka M, Miyazono M, Tokunou T, Magota C, Yamamoto U, Handa SS and Ando

S : Accumulated nocturnal hypoxemia predict arterial endothelial function in patients with sleep-disordered

breathing with or without chronic heart failure. Heart Vessels 35 : 800-807, 2020.

Izukura R, Imada H, Hashiguchi N, Sawatari H, Ohguri T, Miyazono M, Ohta S, Takakura C, Yamasaki K,

Magota C, Fujita K, Kuroda H, Hirata H, Ohkusa T and Chishaki A : Effects of deep regional hyperthermia

using an 8-MHz radiofrequency-capacitive device on patients with cancer. International Journal of

Hyperthermia 33 : 428-434, 2017.

（特に重要な文献については，番号をゴシック体で表記している．

68

Safe Usage of Warm Bath and Thermal Therapy for

Good Health Based on Physiological Changes

Akiko CHISHAKI

Fukuoka Dental College, Medical Center

Abstract

In Japan, we have been using hot-bathing or hyperthermia for keeping our good health. Warm

bathing-related unexpected deaths, however, are high among older people in winter. We review the

safe bathing for older people and safe thermal therapies for patients with heart failure as well as those

with end-stage cancers.

In hot-bathing experiments, we assessed the different changes of skin and rectal temperatures,

blood pressures, pulse rates, body fluid loss (sweat and urine), and subjective thermal sensation

between older and young volunteers, imitating the hot-bathing in winter. In this experiment, the rectal

temperature were significantly lower in the elderly than in the young, and skin temperature during the

post-bathing period decreased gradually only in the elderly. Pulse rates increased just after entering

42℃-water and decreased during bathing in the elderly but not in the young. Systolic blood pressure

also immediately increased just after entering 42℃-water and decreased during bathing in the both

but its changes were larger in the elderly. Thus, the cardiac load (pulse rate × systolic blood pressure)

increased in the elderly. The young kept increasing heart rate during bathing but did not show

significant increase of blood pressure. The elderly also reported feeling less warm after 42℃ bathing,

and less cold during the post-bathing period after 39℃ bathing. These results suggest that hot

water-bathing during cold seasons might induce more serious physiological changes in older people.

Compared with the young, the elderly are more likely to drop blood pressure in response to thermal

stress and subjective responses of the elderly were unclear.

Thermal therapy has been used as adjuvant therapy in heart failure patients as well as cancer

patients. We introduced the results of our leg thermal therapy (LTT) as a convenient, safe, and

effective thermal therapy for heart failure patients. After this introduction, we also present the safe

way for performing hyperthermia for cancer patients.

Key words : hot bath, thermal therapy, hyperthermia, physiological changes

著者プロフィール

樗木 晶子（ちしゃき あきこ）

福岡歯科大学客員教授

◆略歴 1954 年，太宰府に生まれる．1979 年九州大学医学部卒業．1981 年メイヨ・クリニック訪問

研究員，1985 年同大学院医学系研究科博士課程修了．1989 年九州大学病院助手，1993 年同

講師，1996 年九州大学医学部保健学科准教授，2000 年同教授，2020 年より現職．

◆研究テーマ 大学院時代は血管平滑筋の電気生理学から始まり，循環器内科にもどり心電図・不

整脈の臨床研究．保健学科に移動してからはエビデンスに基づいた患者ケアの研究で温熱

の効果，睡眠時無呼吸，先天性心疾患患者の QOL やデータベース構築，ケアに関する研究．

◆趣味 料理，田舎歩き，建築鑑賞，大工仕事

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