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屋久島においてDNA分析を用いてヤクシカの糞便から検出された植物分類群の地域的・季節的変動

東, 悠斗 HIGASHI, Yuto ヒガシ, ユウト 九州大学

2022.06.30

概要

近年、糞の植物DNA解析により、ニホンジカの餌の種構成を評価することに成功した。本研究では、屋久島で個体数を増やし、下層植生に大きな影響を与えているヤクシカCervus nippon yakushimaeに本手法を適用することで、これまで困難だったヤクシカ食性の定量的把握を行った。2018年4月、6月、8月、10月に野外で採取した糞に残存する植物の葉緑体DNA断片(rbcL領域)を次世代シーケンサーで配列決定し、ヤクシカの食草を同定した。糞便のサンプリングについては捕獲によって個体群が管理されている2つの地域と、それらが管理されていない3つの地域の個体群から行った。5つの地域における配列数の上位2つの植物分類群を占めていたブナ科、アコウ、タブノキ属、ユズリハ属、スギの5分類群はすべて常緑高木であった。加えてそれらの分類群の検出された量に落葉、結果フェノロジーと同期した季節変動が存在した。これらのことから、ヤクシカの主要な餌資源は落葉や果実といった地表に供給される高木由来の資源であることが示唆された。常緑高木に加え、シダ類を含む下層草本植物もすべてのエリアで上位15分類群に含まれた。また、餌植物の多様性は個体数の管理地域の方が非管理地域よりも高かった。これらの結果は、C. nippon yakushimaeは常緑高木を主食としているが、シカは草本植物も副食として採食していることを示している。この副食効果により、高木からの餌資源が十分に多くても下層植生が減少していると考えられる。個体数管理地域では餌植物の多様性が高いことから、個体数管理によってシカの密度を下げなければ下層植物の多様性は回復しないことが示唆された。

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参考文献

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