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Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the synthetic route of FePO4/C by delithiation using Cl2 gas
and the recovery route of the Li sources.
21
Figure 2. XRD patterns with Rietveld refinement results of (a) the pristine LiFePO4/C and (b) the
FePO4/C obtained by delithiation of LiFePO4/C using Cl2 gas.
22
Figure 3. SEM images and EDX mappings of (a) the pristine LiFePO4/C and (b) the FePO4/C
obtained by delithiation of LiFePO4/C using Cl2 gas.
23
Figure 4. Electrochemical performance of the Na/NaFePO4 cell with the 1 mol dm−3 Na[PF6]EC/DMC (1:1 v/v) with 3wt% of FEC addition. The FePO4 obtained by chemical oxidation was
preliminarily discharged at 0.05C prior to these tests. (a) Charge-discharge curves at 0.05C, (b)
rate capability test, (c) cycle performance at 0.2C, and (d) cycle performance at 1C. Fluctuation
observed during the cycle performance test over 1000 cycles is caused by physical shocks to the
test cells.
24
Figure 5. Ex-situ XRD patterns of the FePO4/C electrodes at different states of charge. (1) Before
preliminary discharge (pristine heterosite FePO4), (2) after preliminary discharge (mainly assigned
to NaFePO4), (3) after charge to 32% SOC (mainly assigned to Na2/3FePO4), and (4) after full
charge (mainly assigned to FePO4). The simulated patterns are calculated based on
crystallographic data in previous reports15, 40 using VESTA software. The peak at 44.7° is assigned
to Al metal.44
25
For Table of Contents Use Only
FePO4 obtained by delithiation of LiFePO4 with Cl2 gas is used as an electrode for SIBs. The
delithiated Li source can be recovered.
26
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