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A theoretical analysis of the atmospheric gravity wave that connects the thermosphere and the troposphere

田中, 博 HAGIWARA, Misako 筑波大学

2021.01.05

概要

The purpose of this study is to theoretically analyze how atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) generated in the thermosphere propagate down to the troposphere, using an expansion in three-dimensional normal mode functions (3-D NMF). The 3-D NMF is an orthonormal expansion basis for observed data. Using linear primi- tive equations in a spherical coordinate system, we set the initial variables of zonal wind, meridional wind, and geopotential height perturbations. With the initial state of waves and performing analytical time integration up to 24 hours, it is possible to express the theoretical wave propagations according to the linear theory. When the im- pact of geopotential height is placed at high latitudes and high altitudes assuming a solar activity change of aurora oval, we find that the impact can propagate downward to the troposphere as attenuating gravity waves. It is found that the wave propagations and reflections at the surface create an anti-node of geopotential at the bottom of the atmosphere corresponding to the vertical width of the ini- tial state of the impact. On the other hand, standing waves in temperature create a node at the ground surface. The characteristic vertical structure near the ground surface comes from the lower boundary condition of the vertical structure functions. Due to the standing waves generated in the lower troposphere, the atmospheric stability is al- tered by the passage of the gravity waves in the meridion- al direction. Thus, it is considered that the gravity waves can affect the development of cyclones by changing the stability parameters. Waves propagating from higher alti- tudes reach the troposphere, but the amplitude of AGWs has been reduced from about 1,000 to 10,000 times. Since the temperature response in the thermosphere due to the aurora oval is estimated as hundreds to a thousand K, there is a response of 0.01 to 0.1 K when the waves reach to the troposphere.

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