Babich, L., Donskoy, E. N., Il’kaev, R. I., Kutsyk, I. M., & Roussel-Dupre, R. A. (2004). Fundamental parameters of a relativistic runaway electron avalanche in air. Plasma Physics Reports, 30(7), 616–624. https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1778437
Chilingarian, A. A., & Sogomonyan, S. B. (2015). Thunderstorm ground enhancements abruptly terminated by the lightning flash. AGU Fall
Meeting Abstracts, 2015. AE33A-0463 Retrieved from https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMAE33A0463C
Coleman, L. M., & Dwyer, J. R. (2006). Propagation speed of runaway electron avalanches. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(11). https://doi.
org/10.1029/2006GL025863
Cressman, G. P. (1959). An operational objective analysis system. Monthly Weather Review, 87(10), 367–374. https://doi.
org/10.1175/1520-0493(1959)087<0367:AOOAS>2.0.CO;2
Diniz, G., Rutjes, C., Ebert, U., & Ferreira, I. S. (2019). Cold electron runaway below the friction curve. Journal of Geophysical Research:
Atmospheres, 124(1), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029178
Dubinova, A., Rutjes, C., Ebert, U., Buitink, S., Scholten, O., & Trinh, G. T. N. (2015). Prediction of lightning inception by large ice particles and
extensive air showers. Physical Review Letters, 115(1), 015002. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.015002
Dwyer, J. R. (2003). A fundamental limit on electric fields in air. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(20), L11810. https://doi.
org/10.1029/2003GL017781
Dwyer, J. R. (2012). The relativistic feedback discharge model of terrestrial gamma ray flashes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117(A2),
A02308. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017160
Dwyer, J. R., Rassoul, H. K., Al-Dayeh, M., Caraway, L., Wright, B., Chrest, A., et al. (2004). A ground level gamma-ray burst observed in association with rocket-triggered lightning. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(5), L05119. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018771
Enoto, T., Wada, Y., Furuta, Y., Nakazawa, K., Yuasa, T., Okuda, K., et al. (2017). Photonuclear reactions in lightning discovered from detection
of positrons and neutrons. arXiv e-prints, arXiv:1711.08044. Retrieved from https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017arXiv171108044E
Francisco, H., Bagheri, B., & Ebert, U. (2021). Electrically isolated propagating streamer heads formed by strong electron attachment. Plasma
Sources Science and Technology, 30(2), 025006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/abdaa3
Goto, Y., & Narita, K. (1992). Observations of winter lightning to an isolate tower. Journal of Atmospheric Electricity, 12(1), 57–60. https://doi.
org/10.1541/jae.12.57
Gurevich, A. V., Milikh, G. M., & Roussel-Dupre, R. (1992). Runaway electron mechanism of air breakdown and preconditioning during a thunderstorm. Physics Letters A, 165(5–6), 463–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(92)90348-p
Hare, B. M., Uman, M. A., Dwyer, J. R., Jordan, D. M., Biggerstaff, M. I., Caicedo, J. A., et al. (2016). Ground-level observation of a terrestrial gamma ray flash initiated by a triggered lightning. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 121(11), 6511–6533. https://doi.
org/10.1002/2015JD024426
Hisadomi, S., Nakazawa, K., Wada, Y., Tsuji, Y., Enoto, T., Shinoda, T., et al. (2021). Multiple gamma-ray glows and a downward TGF observed
from nearby thunderclouds. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126(18), e2021JD034543. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034543
Kataoka, J., Kishimoto, A., Nishiyama, T., Fujita, T., Takeuchi, K., Kato, T., et al. (2013). Handy Compton camera using 3d position-sensitive
scintillators coupled with large-area monolithic MPPC arrays. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators,
Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 732, 403–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.07.018
Kelley, N. A., Smith, D. M., Dwyer, J. R., Splitt, M., Lazarus, S., Martinez-McKinney, F., et al. (2015). Relativistic electron avalanches as a
thunderstorm discharge competing with lightning. Nature Communications, 6(1), 7845. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8845
Köhn, C., Diniz, G., & Harakeh, M. N. (2017). Production mechanisms of leptons, photons, and hadrons and their possible feedback close to
lightning leaders. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 122(2), 1365–1383. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025445
Kouketsu, T., Uyeda, H., Ohigashi, T., Oue, M., Takeuchi, H., Shinoda, T., et al. (2015). A hydrometeor classification method for x-band polarimetric radar: Construction and validation focusing on solid hydrometeors under moist environments. Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,
32(11), 2052–2074. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00124.1
Kuriyama, E., Masubuchi, M., Koshikawa, N., Iwashita, R., Omata, A., Kanda, T., et al. (2022). Compton camera imaging of a gamma-ray glow
from a thunderstorm. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(19), e2022GL100139. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100139
Mailyan, B. G., Nag, A., Murphy, M. J., Briggs, M. S., Dwyer, J. R., Rison, W., et al. (2018). Characteristics of radio emissions associated with
terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123(7), 5933–5948. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025450
Nag, A., & Rakov, V. A. (2009). Some inferences on the role of lower positive charge region in facilitating different types of lightning. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(5), L05815. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036783
Nicoll, K. (2012). Measurements of atmospheric electricity aloft. Surveys in Geophysics, 33(5), 991–1057. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10712-012-9188-9
Omata, A., Kataoka, J., Fujieda, K., Sato, S., Kuriyama, E., Kato, H., et al. (2020). Performance demonstration of a hybrid Compton camera with
an active pinhole for wide-band x-ray and gamma-ray imaging. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 14064. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71019-5
Saba, M. M. F., Campos, L. Z. S., Krider, E. P., & Pinto, O., Jr. (2009). High-speed video observations of positive ground flashes produced by
intracloud lightning. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(12), L12811. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038791
8 of 9
19448007, 2023, 13, Downloaded from https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023GL103612 by Cochrane Japan, Wiley Online Library on [10/07/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
Geophysical Research Letters
10.1029/2023GL103612
Saba, M. M. F., Campos, L. Z. S., Krider, E. P., Pinto, O., Jr., & Orville, R. E. (2014). High-speed video observations of natural cloud-to-ground
lightning leaders – A statistical analysis. Atmospheric Research, 135–136, 285–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.12.011
Shi, D., Wang, D., Wu, T., & Takagi, N. (2019). Correlation between the first return stroke of negative cg lightning and its preceding discharge
processes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmosphere, 124(15), 8501–8510. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030593
Takahashi, T. (1978). Riming electrification as a charge generation mechanism in thunderstorms. Atmospheric Sciences, 35(8), 1536–1548.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1978)035<1536:REAACG>2.0.CO;2
Tran, M., Rakov, V., Mallick, S., Dwyer, J., Nag, A., & Heckman, S. (2015). A terrestrial gamma-ray flash recorded at the lightning observatory
in Gainesville, Florida. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 136, 86–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2015.10.010
Tsuchiya, H., Enoto, T., Iwata, K., Yamada, S., Yuasa, T., Kitaguchi, T., et al. (2013). Hardening and termination of long-duration γ rays detected
prior to lightning. Physical Review Letters, 111(1), 015001. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.111.015001
Tsuchiya, H., Enoto, T., Yamada, S., Yuasa, T., Kawaharada, M., Kitaguchi, T., et al. (2007). Detection of high-energy gamma rays from winter
thunderclouds. Physical Review Letters, 99(4), 165002. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.165002
Wada, Y., Bowers, G. S., Enoto, T., Kamogawa, M., Nakamura, Y., Morimoto, T., et al. (2018). Termination of electron acceleration in thundercloud by intracloud/intercloud discharge. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(11), 5700–5707. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077784
Wada, Y., Enoto, T., Nakamura, Y., Furuta, Y., Yuasa, T., Nakazawa, K., et al. (2019). Gamma-ray glow preceding downward terrestrial gammaray flash. Communications Physics, 2(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-019-0168-y
Wada, Y., Matsumoto, T., Enoto, T., Nakazawa, K., Yuasa, T., Furuta, Y., et al. (2021). Catalog of gamma-ray glows during four winter seasons
in Japan. Physical Review Research, 3(4), 043117. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2108.01829
Wang, D., Wu, T., Huang, H., Yang, J., & Yamamoto, K. (2022). 3d mapping of winter lightning in Japan with an array of discone antennas. IEEJ
Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 17(11), 1606–1612. https://doi.org/10.1002/tee.23667
Wu, T., Wang, D., & Takagi, N. (2018). Lightning mapping with an array of fast antennas. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(8), 3698–3705.
https://doi.org/10.1002/2018GL077628
Wu, T., Wang, D., & Takagi, N. (2020). Multiple-stroke positive cloud-to-ground lightning observed by the falma in winter thunderstorms in
Japan. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmosphere, 125(20), e2020JD033039. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033039
Wu, T., Wang, D., & Takagi, N. (2022). On the intensity of first return strokes in positive cloud-to-ground lightning in winter. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmosphere, 127(22), e2022JD037282. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037282
Wu, T., Yoshida, S., Akiyama, Y., Stock, M., Ushio, T., & Kawasaki, Z. (2015). Preliminary breakdown of intracloud lightning: Initiation altitude,
propagation speed, pulse train characteristics, and step length estimation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmosphere, 120(18), 9071–9086.
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023546
Yuasa, T., Wada, Y., Enoto, T., Furuta, Y., Tsuchiya, H., Hisadomi, S., et al. (2020). Thundercloud project: Exploring high-energy phenomena
in thundercloud and lightning. Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 2020(10), 103H01. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptaa115
TSURUMI ET AL.
9 of 9
19448007, 2023, 13, Downloaded from https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023GL103612 by Cochrane Japan, Wiley Online Library on [10/07/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
Geophysical Research Letters
...
論文の公開元へ
