Chapter 1
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15. Konishi, K. Phosphine-Coordinated Pure-Gold Clusters: Diverse Geometrical Structures and Unique Optical Properties/Responses. Struct. Bond 2014, 161, 49–86.
16. Lei, Z.; Wan, X.-K.; Yuan, S.-F.; Guan, Z.-J.; Wang, Q.-M. Alkynyl Approach toward theProtection of Metal Nanoclusters. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 2465–2474.
17. Yao, Q.; Chen, T.; Yuan, X.; Xie, J. Toward Total Synthesis of Thiolate-Protected Metal Nanoclusters. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 1338–1348.
18. Sakthivel, N. A.; Dass, A. Aromatic Thiolate-Protected Series of Gold Nanomolecules and a Contrary Structural Trend in Size Evolution. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 1774–1783.
19. Walter, M.; Akola, J.; Lopez-Acevedo, O.; Jadzinsky, P. D.; Calero, G.; Ackerson, C. J.; Whetten, R. L.; Grönbeck, H.; Häkkinen, H. A Unified View of Ligand-Protected Gold Clusters as Superatom Complexes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2008, 105, 9157–9162.
20. Tang, Q.; Hu, G.; Fung, V.; Jiang, D. Insights into Interfaces, Stability, Electronic Properties, and Catalytic Activities of Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters from First Principles. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 2793–2802.
21. Xu, W. W.; Zheng, X. C.; Gao, Y. Application of Electronic Counting Rules for Ligand- Protected Gold Nanoclusters. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 2739–2747.
22. Aikens, C. M. Electronic and Geometric Structure, Optical Properties, and Excited State Behavior in Atomically Precise Thiolate-Stabilized Noble Metal Nanoclusters. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 3065–3073.
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25. Jadzinsky, P. D.; Calero, G.; Ackerson, C. J.; Bushnell, D. A.; Kornberg, R. D. Structure of a Thiol Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticle at 1.1Å Resolution. Science 2007, 318, 430– 433.
26. Heaven, M. W.; Dass, A.; White, P. S.; Holt, K. M.; Murray, R. M. Crystal Structure of the Gold Nanoparticle [N(C8H17)4][Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18] J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 3754– 3755.
27. Zhu, M.; Aikens, C. M.; Hollander, F. J.; Schatz, G. C.; Jin, R. Correlating the Crystal Structure of A Thiol-Protected Au25 Cluster and Optical Properties. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 5883–5885.
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31. Ghosh, A.; Mohammed, O. F.; Bakr, O. Atomic-Level Doping of Metal Clusters. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 3094–3103.
32. Joshi, C. P.; Bootharaju, M. S.; Alhilaly, M. J.; Bakr, O. M. [Ag25(SR)18]−: The “Golden” Silver Nanoparticle. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 11578–11581.
33. AbdulHalim, L. G.; Bootharaju, M. S.; Tang, Q.; Del Gobbo, S.; AbdulHalim, R. G.; Eddaoudi, M.; Jiang, D.-e.; Bakr, O. M. Ag29(BDT)12(TPP)4: A Tetravalent Nanocluster. Nanoscale 2016, 8, 17333–17339.
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35. Bootharaju, M. S.; Sinatra, L.; Bakr, O. M. Distinct Metal-Exchange Pathways of Doped Ag25 Nanoclusters. Nanoscale 2016, 8, 17333–17339.
36. Jin, R. Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters: Stable Sizes and Optical Properties.Nanoscale 2015, 7, 1549–1565.
37. Negishi, Y.; Nakazaki, T.; Malola, S.; Takano, S.; Niihori, Y.; Kurashige, W.; Yamazoe, S.; Tsukuda, T.; Häkkinen, H. A Critical Size for Emergence of Nonbulk Electronic and Geometric Structures in Dodecanethiolate-Protected Au Clusters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 1206–1212.
38. Kwak, K.; Lee, D. Electrochemistry of Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters. Acc. Chem. Res. 2019, 52, 12–22.
39. Yau, S. H.; Varnavski, O.; Goodson III, T. An Ultrafast Look at Au Nanoclusters. Acc. Chem. Res. 2013, 46, 1506–1516.
40. Yi, C.; Zheng, H.; Herbert, P. J.; Chen, Y.; Jin, R. Knappenberger, Jr. Ligand- and Solvent- Dependent Electronic Relaxation Dynamics of Au25(SR)18– Monolayer-Protected Clusters. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121, 24894–24902.
41. Kwak, K.; Thanthirige, V. D.; Pyo, K.; Lee, D.; Ramakrishna, G. Energy Gap Law for Exciton Dynamics in Gold Cluster Molecules. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 4898–4905.
42. Ohta, T.; Shibuta, M.; Tsunoyama, H.; Negishi, Y.; Eguchi, T.; Nakajima, A. Size and Structure Dependence of Electronic States in Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters of Au25(SR)18, Au38(SR)24, Au144(SR)60. J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 3674–3679.
43. Chen, Y.; Liu, C.; Tang, Q.; Zeng, C.; Higaki, T.; Das, A.; Jiang, E.-e.; Rosi, N. L.; Jin, R. Isomerism in Au28(SR)20 Nanocluster and Stable Structures. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 1482–1485.
44. Antonello, S.; Arrigoni, G.; Dainese, T.; Nardi, M. D.; Parisio, G.; Perotti, L.; René, A.;Venzo, A.; Maran, F. Electron Transfer through 3D Monolayers on Au25 Clusters. ACS Nano2014, 8, 2788–2795.
45. Knoppe, S.; Verbiest, T. Resonance Enhancement of Nonlinear Optical Scattering in Monolayer-Protected Gold Clusters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 14853–14856.
46. Knoppe, S.; Bürgi, T. Chirality in Thiolate-Protected Gold Clusters. Acc. Chem. Res. 2014,47, 1318–1326.
47. Takano, S.; Tsukuda, T. Amplification of Optical Activity of Gold Clusters by the Proximity of BINAP. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2016, 7, 4509–4513.
48. Black, D. M.; Crittenden, C. M.; Brodbelt, J. S.; Whetten, R. L. Ultraviolet Photodissociation of Selected Gold Clusters: Ultraefficient Unstapling and Ligand Stripping of Au25(pMBA)18 and Au36(pMBA)24. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 1283–1289.
49. Greisch, J.; Ballester-Caudet, A.; Kruppa, S. V.; Lei, Z.; Wang, Q.; Riehn, C.; Remacle, F. Gas-Phase Photoluminescence and Photodissociation of Silver-Capped Hexagold Clusters. J. Phys. Chem. A 2018, 122, 5799–5810.
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55. Black, D. M.; Bhattarai, N.; Whetten, R. L.; Bach, S. B. H. Collision-Induced Dissociation of Monolayer Protected Clusters Au144 and Au130 in an Electrospray Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer. J. Phys. Chem. A 2014, 118, 10679–10687.
56. Chakraborty, P.; Baksi, A.; Khatun, E.; Nag, A.; Ghosh, A.; Pradeep, T. Dissociation of Gas Phase Ions of Atomically Precise Silver Clusters Reflects Their Solution Phase Stability. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121, 10971–10981.
57. Tomihara, R.; Hirata, K.; Yamamoto, H.; Takano, S.; Koyasu, K.; Tsukdua, T. Collision-Induced Dissociation of Undecagold Clusters Protected by Mixed Ligands [Au11(PPh3)8Cl2]+ (X = Cl, C≡CPh). ACS Omega 2017, 121, 10971–10981.
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Chapter 2
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2. Tsukuda, T.; Häkkinen, H. Protected Metal Clusters: From Fundamentals to Applications, 1st ed.; Elsevier, B. V.: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2015.
3. Jin, R.; Zheng, C.; Zhou, M.; Chen, Y. Atomically Precise Colloidal Metal Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles: Fundamentals and Opportunities. Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 10346–10413.
4. Chakraborty, I.; Pradeep, T. Atomically Precise Clusters of Noble Metals: Emerging Link between Atoms and Nanoparticles. Chem. Rev. 2017, 117, 8208–8271.
5. Konishi, K. Phosphine-Coordinated Pure-Gold Clusters: Diverse Geometrical Structures and Unique Optical Properties/Responses. Struct. Bond 2014, 161, 49–86.
6. Lei, Z.; Wan, X.-K.; Yuan, S.-F.; Guan, Z.-J.; Wang, Q.-M. Alkynyl Approach toward the Protection of Metal Nanoclusters. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 2465–2474.
7. Yao, Q.; Chen, T.; Yuan, X.; Xie, J. Toward Total Synthesis of Thiolate-Protected Metal Nanoclusters. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 1338–1348.
8. Sakthivel, N. A.; Dass, A. Aromatic Thiolate-Protected Series of Gold Nanomolecules and a Contrary Structural Trend in Size Evolution. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 1774–1783.
9. Bhattarai, B.; Zaker, Y.; Atnagulov, A.; Yoon, B.; Landman, U.; Bigioni, T. P. Chemistry and Structure of Silver Molecular Nanoparticles. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 3104–3113.
10. Yan, J.; Teo, B. K.; Zheng, N. Surface Chemistry of Atomically Precise Coinage–Metal Nanoclusters: From Structural Control to Surface Reactivity and Catalysis. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 3084–3093.
11. Walter, M.; Akola, J.; Lopez-Acevedo, O.; Jadzinsky, P. D.; Calero, G.; Ackerson, C. J.; Whetten, R. L.; Grönbeck, H.; Häkkinen, H. A Unified View of Ligand-Protected Gold Clusters as Superatom Complexes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2008, 105, 9157–9162.
12. Tang, Q.; Hu, G.; Fung, V.; Jiang, D. Insights into Interfaces, Stability, Electronic Properties, and Catalytic Activities of Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters from First Principles. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 2793–2802.
13. Xu, W. W.; Zheng, X. C.; Gao, Y. Application of Electronic Counting Rules for Ligand- Protected Gold Nanoclusters. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 2739–2747.
14. Aikens, C. M. Electronic and Geometric Structure, Optical Properties, and Excited State Behavior in Atomically Precise Thiolate-Stabilized Noble Metal Nanoclusters. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 3065–6073.
15. Jadzinsky, P. D.; Calero, G.; Ackerson, C. J.; Bushnell, D. A.; Kornberg, R. D. Structure of a Thiol Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticle at 1.1 Å Resolution. Science 2007, 318, 430–433.
16. Heaven, M. W.; Dass, A.; White, P. S.; Holt, K. M.; Murray, R. M. Crystal Structure of the Gold Nanoparticle [N(C8H17)4][Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18] J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 3754– 3755.
17. Zhu, M.; Aikens, C. M.; Hollander, F. J.; Schatz, G. C.; Jin, R. Correlating the Crystal Structure of A Thiol-Protected Au25 Cluster and Optical Properties. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 5883–5885.
18. Yan, N.; Xia, N.; Liao, L.; Zhu, M.; Jin, F.; Jin, R.; Wu, Z. Unraveling the Long-Pursued Au144 Structure by x-Ray Crystallography. Sci. Adv. 2018, 4, eaat7259.
19. Jin, R. Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters: Stable Sizes and Optical Properties.Nanoscale 2015, 7, 1549–1565.
20. Negishi, Y.; Nakazaki, T.; Malola, S.; Takano, S.; Niihori, Y.; Kurashige, W.; Yamazoe, S.; Tsukuda, T.; Häkkinen, H. A Critical Size for Emergence of Nonbulk Electronic and Geometric Structures in Dodecanethiolate-Protected Au Clusters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 1206–1212.
21. Kwak, K.; Lee, D. Electrochemistry of Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters. Acc. Chem. Res. 2019, 52, 12–22.
22. Yau, S. H.; Varnavski, O.; Goodson III, T. An Ultrafast Look at Au Nanoclusters. Acc. Chem. Res. 2013, 46, 1506–1516.
23. Yi, C.; Zheng, H.; Herbert, P. J.; Chen, Y.; Jin, R. Knappenberger, Jr. Ligand- and Solvent- Dependent Electronic Relaxation Dynamics of Au25(SR)18– Monolayer-Protected Clusters. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121, 24894–24902.
24. Kwak, K.; Thanthirige, V. D.; Pyo, K.; Lee, D.; Ramakrishna, G. Energy Gap Law for Exciton Dynamics in Gold Cluster Molecules. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 4898–4905
25. Negishi, Y.; Nobusada, K.; Tsukuda, T. Glutathione-Protected Gold Clusters Revisited: Bridging the Gap between Gold(I)-Thiolate Complexes and Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanocrystals. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 5261–5270.
26. Kang, X.; Chong, H.; Zhu, M. Au25(SR)18: the Captain of the Great Nanocluster Ship.Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 10758.
27. Joshi, C. P.; Bootharaju, M. S.; Alhilaly, M. J.; Bakr, O. M. [Ag25(SR)18]−: The “Golden” Silver Nanoparticle. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 11578–11581.
28. Schacht, J.; Gaston, N. From the Superatom Model to a Diverse Array of Superelements: A Systematic Study of Dopant Influence on the Electronic Structure of Thiolate-Protected Gold Clusters. ChemPhysChem 2016, 17, 3237–3244.
29. Yu, P.; Wen, X.; Toh, Y.; Huang, J.; Tang, J. Metallophilic Bond-Induced Quenching of Delayed Fluorescence in Au25@BSA Nanoclusters. Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 2013, 30, 467–472.
30. Katla, S. K.; Zhang, J.; Castro, E.; Bernal, R. A.; Li, X. Atomically Precise Au25(SG)18 Nanoclusters: Rapid Single-Step Synthesis and Application in Photothermal Therapy. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 75–82.
31. Yu, C.; Li, G.; Kumar, S.; Kawasaki, H.; Jin, R. Stable Au25(SR)18/TiO2 Composite Nanostructure with Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity. J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 4, 2847–2852.
32. Agrachev, M.; Ruzzi, M.; Venzo, A.; Maran, F. Nuclear and Electron Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopies of Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters. Acc. Chem. Res. 2019, 52, 44–52.
33. Ohta, T., Shibuta, M., Tsunoyama, H., Negishi, Y., Eguchi, T., Nakajima, A. Size and Structure Dependence of Electronic States in Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters of Au25(SR)18, Au38(SR)24, and Au144(SR)60. J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 3674–3679.
34. Jiang, D.; Kühn, M.; Tang, Q.; Weigend, F. Superatomic Orbitals under Spin-Orbit Coupling.J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 3286–3289.
35. Tofanelli, M. A.; Salorinne, K.; Ni, T. W.; Malola, S.; Newell, B.; Phillips, B.; Häkkinen, H.; Ackerson, C. Jahn–Teller Effects in Au25(SR)18. Chem. Sci. 2016, 7, 1882–1890.
36. Hamouda, R.; Bellina, B.; Bertorelle, F.; Compagnon, I.; Antoine, R.; Broyer, M.; Rayane, D.; Dugourd, P. Electron Emission of Gas-Phase [Au25(SG)18-6H]7− Gold Cluster and Its Action Spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 3189–3194.
37. Akola, J.; Walter, M.; Whetten, R. L.; Häkkinen, H.; Grönbeck, H. On the Structure of Thiolate-Protected Au25. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 3756–3757.
38. Kacprzak, K. A.; Lehtovaara, L.; Akola, J.; Lopez-Acevedo, O.; Häkkinen, H. A Density Functional Investigation of Thiolate-Protected Bimetal PdAu24(SR)18z Clusters: Doping the Superatom Complex. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2009, 11, 7123–7129.
39. Jung, J.; Kang, S.; Han Y.-K. Ligand Effects on the Stability of Thiol-Stabilized Gold Nanoclusters: Au25(SR)18−, Au38(SR)24, and Au102(SR)44. Nanoscale 2012, 4, 4206–4210.
40. Taylor, K. J.; Pettiette-Hall, C. L.; Cheshnovsky, O.; Smalley, R. E. Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectra of Coinage Metal Clusters. J. Chem. Phys. 1993, 65, 611−676.
41. Ning, C.-G.; Xiong, X.-G.; Wang, Y.-L.; Li, J.; Wang, L.-S. Probing the Electronic Structure and Chemical Bonding of the “Staple” Motifs of Thiolate Gold Nanoparticles: Au(SCH3)2− and Au2(SCH3)3−. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2012, 14, 9323–9329.
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Chapter 3
1. Häkkinen, H. Atomic and Electronic Structure of Gold Clusters: Understanding Flake, Cages and Superatoms from Simple Concepts. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008, 37, 1847–1859.
2. Jin, R. Quantum Sized, Thiolate-protected Gold Nanoclusters. Nanoscale 2010, 2, 343–362.
3. Maity, P.; Xie, S.; Yamauchi, M.; Tsukuda, T. Stabilized Gold Clusters: From Isolation Toward Controlled Synthesis. Nanoscale 2012, 4, 4027–4038.
4. Konishi, K. Phosphine-Coordinated Pure-Gold Clusters: Diverse Geometrical Structures and Unique Optical Properties/Responses. Struct. Bond 2014, 161, 49–86.
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Chapter 4
1. Walter, M.; Akola, J.; Lopez-Acevedo, O.; Jadzinsky, P. D.; Calero, G.; Ackerson, C. J.; Whetten, R. L.; Grönbeck, H.; Häkkinen, H. A Unified View of Ligand-Protected Gold Clusters as Superatom Complexes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2008, 105, 9157–9162.
2. Negishi, Y.; Kurashige, W.; Kamimura, U. Isolation and Structural Characterization of an Octaselenolate-Protected Au25 Cluster. Langmuir 2011, 27, 12289–12292.
3. Negishi, Y.; Iwai, T.; Ide, M. Continuous Modulation of Electronic Structure of Stable Thiolate-Protected Au25 Cluster by Ag Doping. Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 4713–4715.
4. Joshi, C. P.; Bootharaju, M. S.; Alhilaly, M. J.; Bakr, O. M. [Ag25(SR)18]−: The “Golden” Silver Nanoparticle. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 11578–11581.
5. Bootharaju, M. S.; Sinatra, L.; Bakr, O. M. Distinct Metal-Exchange Pathways of Doped Ag25 Nanoclusters. Nanoscale 2016, 8, 17333–17339.
6. Yan, J.; Su, H.; Yang, H.; Malola, S.; Lin, S.; Häkkinen, H.; Zheng, N. Total Structure and Electronic Structure Analysis of Doped Thiolated Silver [MAg24(SR)18]2− (M =Pd, Pt) Clusters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 11880–11883.
7. AbdulHalim, L. G.; Bootharaju, M. S.; Tang, Q.; Del Gobbo, S.; AbdulHalim, R. G.; Eddaoudi, M.; Jiang, D.-e.; Bakr, O. M. Ag29(BDT)12(TPP)4: A Tetravalent Nanocluster. Nanoscale 2016, 8, 17333–17339.
8. Desireddy, A.; Conn, B. E.; Guo, J.; Yoon, B.; Barnett, R. N.; Monahan, B. M.; Kirschbaum, K.; Griffith, W. P.; Whetten, R. L.; Landman, U.; Bigioni, T. Ultrastable Silver Nanoparticles. Nature 2013, 501, 399–402.
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