1. Baumgart DC, Carding SR. Inflammatory bowel disease: cause and immunobiology. Lancet. 2007 May 12;369(9573):1627-40.
2. Bourgonje AR, Feelisch M, Faber KN, et al. Oxidative Stress and Redox-Modulating Therapeutics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Trends Mol Med. 2020 Nov;26(11):1034-1046.
3. Simone Reuter, Subash C Gupta, Madan M Chaturvedi, et al. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer: how are they linked?. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Dec 1;49(11):1603-16.
4. Masayuki Yamamoto, Thomas W Kensler, Hozumi Motohashi. The KEAP1-NRF2 System: a Thiol-Based Sensor-Effector Apparatus for Maintaining Redox Homeostasis. Physiol Rev. 2018 Jul 1;98(3):1169-1203.
5. Wenyu Lin, Chaoqun Wang, Guangping Liu, et al. SLC7A11/xCT in cancer: biological functions and therapeutic implications. Am J Cancer Res. 2020 Oct 1;10(10):3106-3126.
6. Xiangming Ji, Jun Qian, S M Jamshedur Rahman, et al. xCT (SLC7A11)-mediated metabolic reprogramming promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression. Oncogene. 2018 Sep;37(36):5007-5019.
7. Habib E, Linher-Melville K, Lin HX, et al. Expression of xCT and activity of system xc(-) are regulated by NRF2 in human breast cancer cells in response to oxidative stress. Redox Biol. 2015 Aug;5:33-42.
8. Pranavi Koppula, Yilei Zhang, Li Zhuang, et al. Amino acid transporter SLC7A11/xCT at the crossroads of regulating redox homeostasis and nutrient dependency of cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond). 2018 Apr 25;38(1):12.
9. Michael D Arensman, Xiaoran S Yang, Danielle M Leahy, et al. Cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT deficiency suppresses tumor growth while preserving antitumor immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 May 7;116(19):9533-9542.
10. Yi Cai, Qianting Yang, Mingfeng Liao, et al. xCT increases tuberculosis susceptibility by regulating antimicrobial function and inflammation. Oncotarget. 2016 May 24;7(21):31001-13.
11. Evonuk KS, Baker BJ, Doyle RE, et al. Inhibition of System Xc(-) Transporter Attenuates Autoimmune Inflammatory Demyelination. J Immunol. 2015 Jul 15;195(2):450-463.
12. Merckx E, Albertini G, Paterka M, et al. Absence of system xc - on immune cells invading the central nervous system alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalitis. J Neuroinflammation. 2017 Jan 13;14(1):9.
13. Albertini G, Deneyer L, Ottestad-Hansen S, et al. Genetic deletion of xCT attenuates peripheral and central inflammation and mitigates LPS-induced sickness and depressive-like behavior in mice. Glia. 2018 Sep;66(9):1845-1861.
14. Sprimont L, Janssen P, De Swert K, et al. Cystine-glutamate antiporter deletion accelerates motor recovery and improves histological outcomes following spinal cord injury in mice. Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 9;11(1):12227.
15. P W Gout, A R Buckley, C R Simms, et al. Sulfasalazine, a potent suppressor of lymphoma growth by inhibition of the x(c)- cystine transporter: a new action for an old drug. Leukemia. 2001 Oct;15(10):1633-40.
16. Klotz U, Maier K, Fischer C, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of sulfasalazine and its metabolites in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med. 1980 Dec 25;303(26):1499-502.
17. ⽇本消化器病学会 : 炎症性腸疾患(IBD)診療ガイドライン 2020. 改訂第 2 版, 南江堂, 東京, 2020;64-67
18. Azad Khan AK, Piris J, Truelove SC. An experiment to determine the active therapeutic moiety of sulphasalazine. Lancet. 1977 Oct 29;2(8044):892-5.
19. van Hees PA, Bakker JH, van Tongeren JH. Effect of sulphapyridine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, and placebo in patients with idiopathic proctitis: a study to determine the active therapeutic moiety of sulphasalazine. Gut. 1980 Jul;21(7):632-5.
20. Ford AC, Achkar JP, Khan K, et al. Efficacy of 5-aminosalicylates in ulcerative colitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol.2011 Apr;106(4):601-616
21. John K Marshall, Marroon Thabane, A Hillary Steinhart, et al. Rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2012 Nov 14;11:CD004118
22. Brian G Feagan, John K Macdonald. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2012 Oct 17;10:CD000543
23. Brian G Feagan, John K Macdonald. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2012 Oct 17;10:CD000544
24. Alistair Murray, Tran M Nguyen, Claire E Parker, et al. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Aug 12;8(8):CD000543
25. Choi J, Fenando A. Sulfasalazine. 2021 Jun 29. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan–.
26. Vinicius Cruzat, Marcelo Macedo Rogero, Kevin Noel Keane, et al. Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation. Nutrients. 2018 Oct 23;10(11):1564.
27. Qihang Hou, Yuanyang Dong, Jingxi Huang, et al. Exogenous L-arginine increases intestinal stem cell function through CD90+ stromal cells producing mTORC1-induced Wnt2b.Commun Biol. 2020 Oct 23;3(1):611.
28. Kitamoto S, Alteri CJ, Rodrigues M, et al. Dietary L-serine confers a competitive fitness advantage to Enterobacteriaceae in the inflamed gut. Nat Microbiol. 2020 Jan;5(1):116- 125.
29. Hideyo Sato 1, Ayako Shiiya, Mayumi Kimata, et al. Redox imbalance in cystine/glutamate transporter-deficient mice. J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 11;280(45):37423-9.
30. Ulrike Erben, Christoph Loddenkemper, Katja Doerfel, et al. A guide to histomorphological evaluation of intestinal inflammation in mouse models. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014 Jul 15;7(8):4557-76.
31. Stefan Wirtz, Vanessa Popp, Markus Kindermann, et al. Chemically induced mouse models of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation. Nat Protoc. 2017 Jul;12(7):1295- 1309
32. Caitlyn G Whittem, Amanda D Williams, Christopher S Williams. Murine Colitis modeling using Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS). J Vis Exp. 2010 Jan 19;(35):1652.
33. Ami Nabeyama, Ai Kurita, Kenichi Asano, et al. xCT deficiency accelerates chemically induced tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Apr 6;107(14):6436-41.
34. Nitima Tatiya-Aphiradee, Waranya Chatuphonprasert, Kanokwan Jarukamjorn. Immune response and inflammatory pathway of ulcerative colitis. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2018 Dec 19;30(1):1-10.
35. Joseph Burdo, Richard Dargusch, David Schubert. Distribution of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc- in the brain, kidney, and duodenum. J Histochem Cytochem. 2006 May;54(5):549-57.
36. Sasaki H, Sato H, Kuriyama-Matsumura K, et al. Electrophile response element- mediated induction of the cystine/glutamate exchange transporter gene expression. J Biol Chem. 2002 Nov 22;277(47):44765-71.
37. Okazaki K, Papagiannakopoulos T, Motohashi H. Metabolic features of cancer cells in NRF2 addiction status. Biophys Rev. 2020 Apr;12(2):435-441.
38. Tin Oo Khor, Mou-Tuan Huang, Ki Han Kwon, et al. Nrf2-deficient mice have an increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Cancer Res. 2006 Dec 15;66(24):11580-4.
39. Zhiqi Wang, Sai Li, Yu Cao, et al. Oxidative Stress and Carbonyl Lesions in Ulcerative Colitis and Associated Colorectal Cancer. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:9875298.
40. Tian Tian, Ziling Wang, Jinhua Zhang. Pathomechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Potential Antioxidant Therapies. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:4535194.
41. Eran Israeli, Eduard Berenshtein, Dov Wengrower, et al. Prophylactic administration of topical glutamine enhances the capability of the rat colon to resist inflammatory damage. Dig Dis Sci. 2004 Oct;49(10):1705-12.
42. Hongyu Xue, Alexandra J D Sufit, Paul E Wischmeyer. Glutamine therapy improves outcome of in vitro and in vivo experimental colitis models. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011 Mar;35(2):188-97.
43. Irene Crespo, Beatriz San-Miguel, Carolina Prause, et al. Glutamine treatment attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in TNBS-induced colitis. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50407.
44. M Coëffier, O Miralles-Barrachina, F Le Pessot, et al. Glutamine: Influence of glutamine on cytokine production by human gut in vitro.Cytokine. 2001 Feb 7;13(3):148-54.
45. Rosana das Graças Carvalho dos Santos, Mirelle Lomar Viana, Simone Vasconcelos Generoso, et al. Glutamine supplementation decreases intestinal permeability and preserves gut mucosa integrity in an experimental mouse model. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. Jul-Aug 2010;34(4):408-13.
46. Min-Hyun Kim, Hyeyoung Kim. The Roles of Glutamine in the Intestine and Its Implication in Intestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 May 12;18(5):1051.
47. Kikuko Amagase, Eiji Nakamura, Shinichi Kato, et al. Prophylactic effect of glutamate on gastrointestinal damage. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2011;131(12):1711-9.
48. 成分栄養剤エレンタール®配合内⽤剤. 医薬品インタビューフォーム. 2016 年 4 ⽉改訂(第 5 版). 28 貢.
49. Tatsuki Kimizuka, Natsumi Seki, Genki Yamaguchi, et al. Amino Acid-Based Diet Prevents Lethal Infectious Diarrhea by Maintaining Body Water Balance in a Murine Citrobacter rodentium Infection Model. Nutrients. 2021 May 31;13(6):1896.
50. Jacob Tveiten Bjerrum, Yulan Wang, Fuhua Hao, et al. Metabonomics of human fecal extracts characterize ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. Metabolomics. 2015;11:122-133.
51. Kaija-Leena Kolho, Alberto Pessia, Tytti Jaakkola, et al. Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334.
52. Daniel N Frank 1, Allison L St Amand, Robert A Feldman, et al. Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 21;104(34):13780-5.
53. Yiseul Yeom, Bong-Soo Kim, Se-Jae Kim, et al. Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract regulates microbial dysbiosis by modulating the composition and diversity of the microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Nov 25;16(1):481.
54. James Frampton, Kevin G Murphy, Gary Frost, et al. Short-chain fatty acids as potential regulators of skeletal muscle metabolism and function. Nat Metab. 2020 Sep;2(9):840- 848.
55. Alison N Thorburn, Laurence Macia, Charles R Mackay. Diet, metabolites, and "western-lifestyle" inflammatory diseases. Immunity. 2014 Jun 19;40(6):833-42.
56. Bailiang Li, Smith Etareri Evivie, Jingjing Lu, et al. Lactobacillus helveticus KLDS1.8701 alleviates d-galactose-induced aging by regulating Nrf-2 and gut microbiota in mice. Food Funct. 2018 Dec 13;9(12):6586-6598.
57. U Klotz. Clinical pharmacokinetics of sulphasalazine, its metabolites and other prodrugs of 5-aminosalicylic acid. Clin Pharmacokinet. Jul-Aug 1985;10(4):285-302.
58. Raf Mols, Sven Deferme, Patrick Augustijns, et al. Sulfasalazine transport in in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo absorption models: contribution of efflux carriers and their modulation by co-administration of synthetic nature-identical fruit extracts. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2005 Dec;57(12):1565-73.
59. K M Das, J R Chowdhury, B Zapp, et al. Small bowel absorption of sulfasalazine and its hepatic metabolism in human beings, cats, and rats. Gastroenterology. 1979 Aug;77(2):280-4.
60. R P Chan, D J Pope, A P Gilbert, et al. Studies of two novel sulfasalazine analogs, ipsalazide and balsalazide. Dig Dis Sci. 1983 Jul;28(7):609-15.
61. Maisie Lo, Yu-Zhuo Wang, Peter W Gout, et al. The x(c)- cystine/glutamate antiporter: a potential target for therapy of cancer and other diseases. J Cell Physiol. 2008 Jun;215(3):593-602.
62. Jan Lewerenz, Sandra J Hewett, Ying Huang, et al. The cystine/glutamate antiporter system x(c)(-) in health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to novel therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2013 Feb 10;18(5):522-55
63. Scott J Dixon, Kathryn M Lemberg, Michael R Lamprecht, et al. Ferroptosis: an iron- dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death. Cell . 2012 May 25;149(5):1060-72.
64. Janice J Kim, Md Sharif Shajib, Marcus M Manocha, et al. Investigating intestinal inflammation in DSS-induced model of IBD. J Vis Exp. 2012 Feb 1;(60):3678.
65. R Kühn, J Löhler, D Rennick, et al. Interleukin-10-deficient mice develop chronic enterocolitis. Cell. 1993 Oct 22;75(2):263-74.
66. B Sadlack, H Merz, H Schorle, A Schimpl, et al. Ulcerative colitis-like disease in mice with a disrupted interleukin-2 gene. Cell. 1993 Oct 22;75(2):253-61.
67. P Mombaerts, E Mizoguchi, M J Grusby, et al. Spontaneous development of inflammatory bowel disease in T cell receptor mutant mice. Cell. 1993 Oct 22;75(2):274-82.