1) World Health Organization. (2018) Key Messages the Prevalence of Dementia Worldwide. World Heal. 3-6.
2) 朝田隆 et al. (2013)「都市部における認知症有病率と認知症の生活機能障害への対応」総括・分担研究報告書.
3) Organization, W. H. (2017) Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017-2025. Geneva World Heal. 52.
4) Opara, J. A. (2012) Activities of daily living and quality of life in Alzheimer disease. J. Med. 5, 162-167.
5) Jacobsen, J. S. et al. (2005) Current concepts in therapeutic strategies targeting cognitive decline and disease modification in Alzheimer’s disease. NeuroRx 2, 612-626.
6) Holmes, C. et al. (2008) Articles long-term effects of Aβ 42 immunisation in Alzheimer’s disease: follow-up of a randomized, placebo-controlled phaseⅠtrial. Lancet 372, 216-223.
7) Gold, M. et al. (2010) Rosiglitazone monotherapy in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled phase Ⅲ study. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 30, 131-146.
8) Gejl, M. et al. (2016) In Alzheimer’s disease, 6-month treatment with GLP-1 analog prevents decline of brain glucose metabolism: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Front. Aging Neurosci. 8, 1-10.
9) Tönnies, E. & Trushina, E. (2017) Oxidative stress , synapticdysfunction, and Alzheimer’s disease. J. Alzheimer’s Dis. 57, 1105-1121.
10) Lee, S. H. & Blair, I. A. (2001) Oxidative DNA damage and cardiovascular disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 11, 148-155.
11) Halliwell, B. et al. (1992) Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: where are we now? J. Lab. Clin. Med. 119, 598-620.
12) Riley, P. A. (1994) Free radicals in biology: oxidative stress and the effects of ionizing radiation. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 65, 27-33.
13) Ames, B. N. et al. (1993) Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging. PNAS. 90, 7915-7922.
14) Gonzalez, F. J. (2005) Role of cytochromes P450 in chemical toxicity and oxidative stress: studies with CYP2E1. Mutat. Res. 569, 101-110.
15) Thannickal, V. J. & Fanburg, B. L. (2000) Reactive oxygen species in cell signaling. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 279, L1005-L1028.
16) Persson, T. et al. (2014) Oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease: why did antioxidant therapy dail? Oxid. Med. Cell Longev. 2014, 427318.
17) López-Alarcón, C. & Denicola, A. (2013) Evaluating the antioxidant capacity of natural products: a review on chemical and cellular-based assays. Anal. Chem. Acta. 6, 1-10.
18) Sies, H. (1985) Oxidative Stress: Introductory Remarks. Academic Press. 1-8.
19) Maulik, N. et al. (2013) Antioxidants in longevity and medicine. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev. 2013, 820679.
20) Toda, S. (2011) Polyphenol content and antioxidant effects in herb teas. Chin. Med. 2, 29-31.
21) Mangal, D. et al. (2009) Analysis of 7,8-Dihydro-8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine in cellular DNA during oxidative stress. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 22, 788-797.
22) Shibutani, S. et al. (1991) Insertion of specific bases during DNA synthesis past the oxidation-damaged base 8-oxodG. Nature. 31, 431-434.
23) Grimsrud, P. A. et al. (2008) Oxidative stress and covalent modification of protein with bioactive aldehydes. J. Biol. Chem. 8, 21837-21841.
24) Sayre, L. M. et al. (2006) Protein adducts generated from products of lipid oxidation: focus on HNE and one. Drug Metab. Rev. 38, 651-675.
25) Finkel, T. (2011) Signal transduction by reactive oxygen species. J. Cell Biol. 194, 7-15.
26) D’Autreaux, B. & Toledano, M. B. (2007) ROS as signalling molecules: mechanisms that generate specificity in ROS homeostasis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 8, 813-824.
27) Lipton, S. A. et al. (1993) A redox-based mechanism for the neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds. Nature. 364, 626-632.
28) Sawa, T. et al. (2007) Protein S-guanylation by the biological signal 8-nitroguanosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate. Nat. Chem. Biol. 3, 727-735.
29) Liu, L. et al. (2001) A metabolic enzyme for S-nitrosothiol conserved from bacteria to humans. Nature. 410, 490-494.
30) Nakamura, T. et al. (2010) Transnitrosylation of XIAP regulates caspase- dependent neuronal cell death. Mol. Cell. 39, 184-195.
31) Nunomura, A. et al. (2000) Neuronal oxidative stress precedes amyloid deposition in down syndrome. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 59, 1011- 1017.
32) Markesbery, W. R. et al. (2005) Lipid peroxidation is an early event in the brain in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Ann. Neurol. 58, 730-735.
33) Misonou, H. et al. (2000) Oxidative stress induces intracellular accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in human neuroblastoma cells. Biochemistry 39, 6951-6959.
34) Uehara, T. et al. (2006) S-Nitrosylated protein-disulphide isomerase links protein misfolding to neurodegeneration. Nature 441, 513-517.
35) Walker, A. K. et al. (2010) Protein disulphide isomerase protects against protein aggregation and is S-nitrosylated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 133, 105-116.
36) Hatahet, F. et al. (2009) Protein disulfide isomerase: a critical evaluation of its function in disulfide bond formation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 11, 2807-2850.
37) Klappa, P. et al. (1998) The b’ domain provides the principal peptide- binding site of protein disulfide isomerase but all domains contribute to binding of misfolded proteins. EMBO J. 17, 927-935.
38) Kitauchi, K. et al. (2016) Glycoprotein quality control-related proteins effectively inhibit fibrillation of amyloid beta 1-42. BBRC 481, 227-231.
39) Woehlbier, U. et al. (2016) ALS-linked protein disulfide isomerase variants cause motor dysfunction. EMBO J. 35, 845-865.
40) Xue, M. et al. (2019) Diabetes mellitus and risks of cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 144 prospective studies. Ageing Res. Rev. 55, 100944.
41) Ohara, T. et al. (2011) Glucose tolerance status and risk of dementia in the community: the Hisayama study. Neurology 77, 1126-34.
42) Mastrcola, R. et al. (2005) Oxidative and nitrosative stress in brain mitochondria of diabetic rats. J. Endocrinol. 187, 37-44.
43) Takeda, S. et al. (2010) Diabetes-accelerated memory dysfunction via cerebrovascular inflammation and Abeta deposition in an Alzheimer mouse model with diabetes. PNAS. 107, 7036-7041.
44) Tsuru, A. et al. (2013) Negative feedback by IRE1β optimizes mucin production in goblet cells. PNAS. 110, 2864-2869.
45) Lu, Y. et al. (2014) A synthetic biology approach identifies the mammalian UPR RNA ligase RtcB. Molecular Cell. 55, 758-770.
46) Kosmaczewski, S. G. et al. (2014) The RtcB RNA ligase is an essential component of the metazoan unfolded protein response. EMBO Rep. 15, 1278-1285.
47) Madeira, C. et al. (2018) Elevated glutamate and glutamine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease and depression. Front. Psychiatry 9, 00561.
48) Marutani, E. et al. (2012) A novel hydrogen sulfide-releasing N-methyl- D-aspartate receptor antagonist prevents ischemic neuronal death. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 32124-32135.
49) Calabrese V. et al. (2006) Nitrosative stress, cellular stress response, and thiol homeostasis in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 8, 1975-1986.
50) Vucicevic, L. et al. (2020) Transcriptional block of AMPK-induced autophagy promotes glutamate excitotoxicity in nutrient-deprived SH- SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 77, 3383-3399.
51) Ishikawa, T. et al. (2017) UPR transducer BBF2H7 allows export of type Ⅱ collagen in a cargo- and developmental stage-specific manner. J. Cell Biol. 216, 1761-1774.
52) Papa, F. R. et al. (2003) Bypassing a kinase activity with an ATP- competitive drug. Science 302, 1533-1537.
53) Mauro, C. et al. (2006) Central role of the scaffold protein tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 in regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 2631-2638.
54) Nishitoh, H. et al. (2002) ASK1 is essential for endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuronal cell death triggered by expanded polyglutamine repeats. Genes Dev. 16, 1345-1355.
55) Urano, F. et al. (2000) Coupling of stress in the ER to activation of JNK protein kinases by transmembrane protein kinase IRE1. Science 287, 664- 666.
56) Coelho, D. S. D. et al. (2014) Physiological roles of regulated Ire1 dependent decay. Front. Genet. 5, 76.
57) Rozpedek, W. et al. (2016) The role of the PERK/elF2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway in tumor progression during endoplasmic reticulum stress. Curr. Mol. Med. 16, 533-544.
58) Wu, Y. et al. (2020) Exogenous fibroblast growth factor 1 ameliorates diabetes-induced cognitive decline via coordinately regulating PI3K/AKT signaling and PERK signaling. Cell Commun. Signal. 18, 81.
59) Phillips, H. S. et al. (1991) BDNF mRNA is decreased in the hippocampus of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. Neuron 7, 695-702.
60) Li, G. et al. (2009) Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cognitive function in non-demented subjects. PLoS One 4, e5424.
61) Wang, C. et al. (2013) Structural insights into the redox-regulated dynamic conformations of human protein disulfide isomerase. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 19, 36-45.
62) Ogura, J. et al. (2020) Cysteine 343 in the substrate binding domain is the primary S-nitrosylated site in protein disulfide isomerase. Free Radic. Biol. 160, 103-110.
63) Pirneskoski, A. et al. (2001) Domains b’ and a’ of protein disulfide isomerase fulfill the minimum requirement for function as a submit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. The N-terminal domains a and b enhances this function and can be substituted in part by those of ERp57. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 11287-11293.
64) Lin, L. et al. (2015) Quercetin-3-rutinoside inhibits protein disulfide isomerase by binding to its b’x domain. J. Biol. Chem. 290, 23543-23552.
65) Bekendam, R. H. et al. (2016) Inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase in thrombosis. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 3, 42-48.
66) Wang, J. et al. (2018) Neohesperidin prevents Aβ 25-35-induced apoptosis in primary cultured hippocampal neurons by blocking the S- nitrosylation of protein-disulphide isomerase. Neurochem. Res. 43, 1736- 1744.
67) Panche, A. N. et al. (2016) Flavonoids: an overview. J. Nutr. Sci. 5, e47.
68) Itoh, K. et al. (2009) Inhibitory effects of Citrus hassaku extract and its flavanone glycosides on melanogenesis. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 32, 410-415.
69) Itoh, K. et al. (2009) Antiallergic activity of unripe Citrus hassaku fruits extract and its flavanone glycosides on chemical substance-induced dermatitis in mice. J. Nat. Med. 63, 443-450.