Alken P, Thébault E, Beggan CD, Amit H, Aubert J, Baerenzung J, Zhou
B (2021) International geomagnetic reference field: the thirteenth
Page 16 of 17
generation. Earth, Planets and Space 73(1):1–25. https://doi.org/10.1186/
s40623-020-01288-x
Behnke R (1979) F layer height bands in the nocturnal ionosphere over
Arecibo. J Geophys Res Space Physics 84(A3):974–978. https://doi.org/10.
1029/JA084iA03p00974
Berkner LV, Wells HW (1934) F-region ionosphere-investigations at low
latitudes. Terr Magn Atmos Electr 39(3):215–230. https://doi.org/10.1029/
TE039i003p00215
Bowman GG (1985) Some aspects of mid-latitude spread-Es, and its relationship with spread-F. Planet Space Sci 33(9):1081–1089. https://doi.org/10.
1016/0032-0633(85)90027-3
Bowman GG (1990) A review of some recent work on mid-latitude spread-F
occurrence as detected by ionosondes. J Geomagn Geoelectr 42(2):109–
138. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.42.109
Cosgrove RB (2007) Generation of mesoscale F layer structure and electric fields by the combined Perkins and Es layer instabilities, in
simulations. Ann Geophys 25(7):1579–1601. https://doi.org/10.5194/
angeo-25-1579-2007
Cosgrove R (2013) Mechanisms for E–F coupling and their manifestation. J
Atmos Solar Terr Phys 103:56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.03.
011
Cosgrove RB, Tsunoda RT (2004) Instability of the E–F coupled nighttime midlatitude ionosphere. J Geophys Res Space Physics 109:A04305. https://
doi.org/10.1029/2003JA010243
Farley DT Jr (1959) A theory of electrostatic fields in a horizontally stratified ionosphere subject to a vertical magnetic field. J Geophys Res
64(9):1225–1233. https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ064i009p01225
Fu W, Ssessanga N, Yokoyama T, Yamamoto M (2021) High-resolution 3-D
imaging of daytime sporadic-E over Japan by using GNSS TEC and ionosondes. Space Weather. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002878
Golub GH, Van Loan C (1989) Matrix computations. Johns Hopkins University
Press, Baltimore
Haldoupis C, Kelley MC, Hussey GC, Shalimov S (2003) Role of unstable
sporadic-E layers in the generation of midlatitude spread F. J Geophys Res
Space Phys 108(A12):1446. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JA009956
Haldoupis C, Meek C, Christakis N, Pancheva D, Bourdillon A (2006) Ionogram
height–time–intensity observations of descending sporadic E layers at
mid-latitude. J Atmos Solar Terr Phys 68(3–5):539–557. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.jastp.2005.03.020
Hernández-Pajares M, Juan JM, Sanz J (1999) New approaches in global ionospheric determination using ground GPS data. J Atmos Solar Terr Phys
61(16):1237–1247. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(99)00054-1
Hunsucker RD (1982) Atmospheric gravity waves generated in the high-latitude ionosphere: a review. Rev Geophys 20(2):293–315. https://doi.org/
10.1029/RG020i002p00293
Hysell DL, Larsen MF, Zhou QH (2004) Common volume coherent and
incoherent scatter radar observations of mid-latitude sporadic E-layers
and QP echoes. Ann Geophys 22(9):3277–3290. https://doi.org/10.5194/
angeo-22-3277-2004
Hysell D, Larsen M, Fritts D, Laughman B, Sulzer M (2018) Major upwelling
and overturning in the mid-latitude F region ionosphere. Nat Commun
9(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05809-x
Kelley MC (2009) The Earth’s ionosphere: plasma physics and electrodynamics.
Academic Press, Cambridge
Larsen MF (2000) A shear instability seeding mechanism for quasiperiodic
radar echoes. J Geophys Res Space Physics 105(A11):24931–24940.
https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JA000290
Larsen MF (2002) Winds and shears in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: results from four decades of chemical release wind measurements. J Geophys Res Space Phys. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA000218
Liu Y, Zhou C, Tang Q, Kong J, Gu X, Ni B, Yao Y, Zhao Z (2019) Evidence of
mid-and low-latitude night-time ionospheric E–F coupling: coordinated
observations of sporadic E Layers, F-region field-aligned irregularities,
and medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances. IEEE Trans Geosci
Remote Sens 57(10):7547–7557. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2019.
2914059
Liu Y, Zhou C, Xu T, Wang Z, Tang Q, Deng Z, Chen G (2020) Investigation of
midlatitude night-time ionospheric E–F coupling and interhemispheric
coupling by using COSMIC GPS radio occultation measurements. J
Geophys Res Space Phys 125(3):e2019JA027625. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2019JA027625
A Self-archived copy in
Kyoto University Research Information Repository
https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Fu et al. Earth, Planets and Space
(2022) 74:83
Ma G, Maruyama T (2003) Derivation of TEC and estimation of instrumental
biases from GEONET in Japan. Ann Geophys 21(10):2083–2093. https://
doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-2083-2003
Ma G, Gao W, Li J, Chen Y, Shen H (2014) Estimation of GPS instrumental biases
from small scale network. Adv Space Res 54(5):871–882. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.asr.2013.01.008
Maeda J, Heki K (2014) Two-dimensional observations of midlatitude sporadic
E irregularities with a dense GPS array in Japan. Radio Sci 49(1):28–35.
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013RS005295
Maeda J, Heki K (2015) Morphology and dynamics of daytime mid-latitude
sporadic-E patches revealed by GPS total electron content observations
in Japan. Earth, Planets and Space 67(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/
s40623-015-0257-4
Maruyama T, Fukao S, Yamamoto M (2000) A possible mechanism for echo
striation generation of radar backscatter from midlatitude sporadic E.
Radio Sci 35(5):1155–1164. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999RS002296
Maruyama T, Saito S, Yamamoto M, Fukao S (2006) Simultaneous observation of sporadic E with a rapid-run ionosonde and VHF coherent
backscatter radar. Ann Geophys 24(1):153–162. https://doi.org/10.5194/
angeo-24-153-2006
Maruyama T, Hozumi K, Ma G, Supnithi P, Tongkasem N, Wan Q (2021)
Double-thin-shell approach to deriving total electron content from GNSS
signals and implications for ionospheric dynamics near the magnetic
equator. Earth, Planets and Space 73(1):1–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/
s40623-021-01427-y
Mathews JD (1998) Sporadic E: current views and recent progress. J Atmos
Solar Terr Phys 60(4):413–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(97)
00043-6
Mungufeni P, Kim YH, Ssessenga N (2021) Observations of ionospheric irregularities and its correspondence with sporadic e occurrence over South
Korea and Japan. Adv Space Res 67(7):2207–2218. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.asr.2021.01.013
Narayanan VL, Shiokawa K, Otsuka Y, Saito S (2014) Airglow observations
of night-time medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances from
Yonaguni: statistical characteristics and low-latitude limit. J Geophys Res
Space Physics 119:9268–9282. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020368
Narayanan VL, Shiokawa K, Otsuka Y, Neudegg D (2018) On the role of thermospheric winds and sporadic E layers in the formation and evolution
of electrified MSTIDs in geomagnetic conjugate regions. J Geophys Res
Space Phys 123:6957–6980. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025261
Nishioka M, Tsugawa T, Kubota M, Ishii M (2013) Concentric waves and shortperiod oscillations observed in the ionosphere after the 2013 Moore EF5
tornado. Geophys Res Lett 40(21):5581–5586. https://doi.org/10.1002/
2013GL057963,2013
Otsuka Y, Tani T, Tsugawa T, Ogawa T, Saito A (2008) Statistical study of relationship between medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance and
sporadic E layer activities in summer night over Japan. J Atmos Solar Terr
Phys 70(17):2196–2202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2008.07.008
Otsuka Y, Shiokawa K, Ogawa T, Yokoyama T, Yamamoto M (2009) Spatial relationship of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances
and F region field-aligned irregularities observed with two spaced all-sky
airglow imagers and the middle and upper atmosphere radar. J Geophys
Res Space Phys 114:A05302. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008ja013902
Otsuka Y, Onoma F, Shiokawa K, Ogawa T, Yamamoto M, Fukao S (2007) Simultaneous observations of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric
disturbances and E region field-aligned irregularities at midlatitude. J
Geophys Res Space Phys 112:A06317. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005J
A011548
Otsuka, Y., Kotake, N., Shiokawa, K., Ogawa, T., Tsugawa, T., & Saito, A. (2011).
Statistical study of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances
observed with a GPS receiver network in Japan. In Aeronomy of the
Earth’s Atmosphere and Ionosphere (pp. 291–299). Springer, Dordrecht.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_21
Perkins F (1973) Spread F and ionospheric currents. J Geophys Res 78(1):218–
226. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA078i001p00218
Saito A, Fukao S, Miyazaki S (1998) High resolution mapping of TEC perturbations with the GSI GPS network over Japan. Geophys Res Lett
25(16):3079–3082. https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL52361
Saito A, Nishimura M, Yamamoto M, Fukao S, Tsugawa T, Otsuka Y, Miyazaki S
(2002) Observations of traveling ionospheric disturbances and 3-m scale
irregularities in the night-time F-region ionosphere with the MU radar
Page 17 of 17
and a GPS network. Earth, Planets and Space 54(1):31–44. https://doi.org/
10.1186/BF03352419
Saito S, Yamamoto M, Hashiguchi H, Maegawa A, Saito A (2007) Observational
evidence of coupling between quasi-periodic echoes and medium scale
traveling ionospheric disturbances. Ann Geophys 25(10):2185–2194.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-2185-2007
Saito S, Yamamoto M, Hashiguchi H (2008) Imaging observations of night-time
mid-latitude F-region field-aligned irregularities by an MU radar ultramulti-channel system. Ann Geophys 26(8):2345–2352. https://doi.org/10.
5194/angeo-26-2345-2008
Shiokawa K, Ihara C, Otsuka Y, Ogawa T (2003) Statistical study of night-time
medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using midlatitude
airglow images. J Geophys Res Space Phys 108(A1):1052. https://doi.org/
10.1029/2002JA009491
Shukla AK, Das S, Nagori N, Sivaraman MR, Bandyopadhyay K (2009) Two-shell
ionospheric model for Indian region: a novel approach. IEEE Trans Geosci
Remote Sens 47(8):2407–2412. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2009.20175
20
Sinno K, Ouchi C, Nemoto C (1964) Structure and movement of Es detected by
LORAN observations. J Geomagn Geoelectr 16(2):75–88. https://doi.org/
10.5636/jgg.16.75
Ssessanga N, Kim YH, Jeong S-H (2017) A statistical study on the F2 layer
vertical variation during night-time medium-scale traveling ionospheric
disturbances. J Geophys Res Space Phys 122(3):3586–3601. https://doi.
org/10.1002/2016JA023463
Tsugawa T, Nishioka M, Ishii M, Hozumi K, Saito S, Shinbori A, Otsuka Y, Saito A,
Buhari SM, Abdullah M, Supnithi P (2018) Total electron content observations by dense regional and worldwide international networks of GNSS. J
Disaster Res 13(3):535–545. https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p0535
Tsunoda RT (2006) On the coupling of layer instabilities in the night-time midlatitude ionosphere. J Geophys Res Space Physics 111:A11304. https://
doi.org/10.1029/2006JA011630
Tsunoda RT, Cosgrove RB (2001) Coupled electrodynamics in the night-time
midlatitude ionosphere. Geophys Res Lett 28(22):4171–4174. https://doi.
org/10.1029/2001GL013245
Whitehead JD (1989) Recent work on mid-latitude and equatorial sporadic-E.
J Atmos Terr Phys 51(5):401–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(89)
90122-0
Xie H, Li G, Zhao X, Ding F, Yan C, Yang G, Ning B (2020) Coupling between
E region quasi-periodic echoes and F region medium-scale traveling
ionospheric disturbances at low latitudes. J Geophys Res Space Phys
125(5):e2019JA027720. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027720
Yamamoto M, Komoda N, Fukao S, Tsunoda RT, Ogawa T, Tsuda T (1994) Spatial
structure of the E region field-aligned irregularities revealed by the MU
radar. Radio Sci 29(1):337–347. https://doi.org/10.1029/93RS01846
Yang TY, Kwak YS, Kil H, Lee YS, Lee WK, Lee JJ (2015) Occurrence climatology
of F region field-aligned irregularities in middle latitudes as observed by a
40.8 MHz coherent scatter radar in Daejeon, South Korea. J Geophys Res
Space Phys 120(11):10107–10115. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021885
Yokoyama T, Otsuka Y, Ogawa T, Yamamoto M, Hysell DL (2008) First threedimensional simulation of the Perkins instability in the night-time
midlatitude ionosphere. Geophys Res Lett 35:L03101. https://doi.org/10.
1029/2007GL032496
Yokoyama T, Hysell DL, Otsuka Y, Yamamoto M (2009) Three-dimensional
simulation of the coupled Perkins and Es-layer instabilities in the nighttime midlatitude ionosphere. J Geophys Res Space Physics 114:A03308.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013789
Zhou C, Tang Q, Huang F, Liu Y, Gu X, Lei J, Ni B, Zhao Z (2018) The simultaneous observations of night-time ionospheric E region irregularities and F
region medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances in midlatitude
China. J Geophys Res Space Physics 123(6):5195–5209. https://doi.org/10.
1029/2018JA025352
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
...
論文の公開元へ
