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<講義ノート>集中ゼミ : 「単一光子, 量子もつれ光子の発生と量子計測」

枝松, 圭一 京都大学

2022.03

概要

この章では,量子光学や光を用いた量子情報通信技術において重要な単一光子(single photon)の概念について調べる.「単一光子」とは,理想的にはひとつのモードあるいはいくつかのモードにまたがって光子が1個励起されている状態を指すが,実用的には,ある時空間において光子を検出した際に2個以上の光子が検出される確率が0である状態を指す場合が多い.後者では光子数は0または1であって,光子数が1に確定した状態ではないが,2個以上の光子が存在しないことが確定できることから,量子情報通信,特に量子暗号において実用上重要な状態である.

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