1. Coresh, J. Update on the burden of CKD. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 28, 1020–1022 (2017).
2. Mills, K. T. et al. A systematic analysis of worldwide population-based data on the global burden of chronic kidney disease in 2010. Kidney Int. 88, 950–957 (2015).
3. Ruiz-Ortega, M., Rayego-Mateos, S., Lamas, S., Ortiz, A. & Rodrigues-Diez, R. R. Targeting the progression of chronic kidney disease. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 16, 1–20 (2020).
4. Asada, N. et al. Dysfunction of fbroblasts of extrarenal origin underlies renal fbrosis and renal anemia in mice. J. Clin. Investig. 121, 3981–3990 (2011).
5. Iwano, M. et al. Evidence that fbroblasts derive from epithelium during tissue fbrosis. J. Clin. Investig. 110, 341–350 (2002).
6. LeBleu, V. S. et al. Origin and function of myofbroblasts in kidney fbrosis. Nat. Med. 19, 1047–1053 (2013).
7. Zeisberg, E. M., Potenta, S. E., Sugimoto, H., Zeisberg, M. & Kalluri, R. Fibroblasts in kidney fbrosis emerge via endothelial-tomesenchymal transition. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 19, 2282–2287 (2008).
8. Eddy, A. A. Te origin of scar-forming kidney myofbroblasts. Nat. Med. 19, 964–966 (2013).
9. Lin, S.-L., Kisseleva, T., Brenner, D. A. & Dufeld, J. S. Pericytes and perivascular fbroblasts are the primary source of collagenproducing cells in obstructive fbrosis of the kidney. Am. J. Pathol. 173, 1617–1627 (2008).
10. Humphreys, B. D. et al. Fate tracing reveals the pericyte and not epithelial origin of myofbroblasts in kidney fbrosis. Am. J. Pathol. 176, 85–97 (2010).
11. Shaw, I., Rider, S., Mullins, J., Hughes, J. & Ault, B. P. X. Pericytes in the renal vasculature: Roles in health and disease. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 14, 1–14 (2018).
12. Di Carlo, S. E. & Peduto, L. Te perivascular origin of pathological fbroblasts. J. Clin. Investig. 128, 54–63 (2018).
13. Falke, L. L., Gholizadeh, S., Goldschmeding, R., Kok, R. J. & Nguyen, T. Q. Diverse origins of the myofbroblast—Implications for kidney fbrosis. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 11, 233–244 (2015).
14. Armulik, A., Genové, G. & Betsholtz, C. Pericytes: Developmental, physiological, and pathological perspectives, problems, and promises. Dev. Cell 21, 193–215 (2011).
15. Stefańska, A., Péault, B. & Mullins, J. J. Renal pericytes: Multifunctional cells of the kidneys. Pfugers Arch. 465, 767–773 (2013).
16. Holm, A., Heumann, T. & Augustin, H. G. Microvascular mural cell organotypic heterogeneity and functional plasticity. Trends Cell Biol. 28, 302–316 (2018).
17. Schlöndorf, D. & Banas, B. Te mesangial cell revisited: No cell is an island. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20, 1179–1187 (2009).
18. Stockand, J. D. & Sansom, S. C. Glomerular mesangial cells: Electrophysiology and regulation of contraction. Physiol. Rev. 78, 723–744 (1998).
19. Gomez, R. A. & Sequeira-Lopez, M. L. S. Renin cells in homeostasis, regeneration and immune defence mechanisms. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 6, 1–15 (2018).
20. Stefanska, A. et al. Human kidney pericytes produce renin. Kidney Int. 90, 1251–1261 (2016).
21. Kramann, R. et al. Perivascular Gli1+ progenitors are key contributors to injury-induced organ fbrosis. Cell Stem Cell 16, 51–66 (2015).
22. Kramann, R. et al. Adventitial MSC-like cells are progenitors of vascular smooth muscle cells and drive vascular calcifcation in chronic kidney disease. Cell Stem Cell 19, 628–642 (2016).
23. Kuppe, C. et al. Decoding myofbroblast origins in human kidney fbrosis. Nature 589, 281–286 (2021).
24. Muhl, L. et al. Single-cell analysis uncovers fbroblast heterogeneity and criteria for fbroblast and mural cell identifcation and discrimination. Nat. Commun. 11, 3953 (2020).
25. Ozerdem, U., Grako, K. A., Dahlin-Huppe, K., Monosov, E. & Stallcup, W. B. NG2 proteoglycan is expressed exclusively by mural cells during vascular morphogenesis. Dev. Dyn. 222, 218–227 (2001).
26. Li, Q., Yu, Y., Bischof, J., Mulliken, J. B. & Olsen, B. R. Diferential expression of CD146 in tissues and endothelial cells derived from infantile haemangioma and normal human skin. J. Pathol. 201, 296–302 (2003).
27. Nehls, V. & Drenckhahn, D. Heterogeneity of microvascular pericytes for smooth muscle type alpha-actin. J. Cell Biol. 113, 147–154 (1991).
28. Maeda, K. et al. Identifcation of mefin as a potential marker for mesenchymal stromal cells. Sci. Rep. 6, 22288 (2016).
29. Crisan, M. et al. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell 3, 301–313 (2008).
30. Hara, A. et al. Roles of the mesenchymal stromal/stem cell marker mefin in cardiac tissue repair and the development of diastolic dysfunction. Circ. Res. 125, 414–430 (2019).
31. Zeisberg, M. et al. BMP-7 counteracts TGF-β1–induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and reverses chronic renal injury. Nat. Med. 9, 964–968 (2003).
32. Mizutani, Y. et al. Mefin-positive cancer-associated fbroblasts inhibit pancreatic carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 79, 5367–5381 (2019).
33. Ichihara, R. et al. Matrix remodeling-associated protein 8 is a marker of a subset of cancer-associated fbroblasts in pancreatic cancer. Pathol. Int. https://doi.org/10.1111/pin.13198 (2022).
34. Miyai, Y. et al. Mefin-positive cancer-associated fbroblasts enhance tumour response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Life Sci. Alliance. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-258152/v1 (2022).
35. Kobayashi, H. et al. Te balance of stromal BMP signaling mediated by GREM1 and ISLR drives colorectal carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 160, 1224-1239.e30 (2021).
36. Nakahara, Y. et al. Fibroblasts positive for mefin have anti-fbrotic properties in pulmonary fbrosis. Eur. Respir. J. 58, 2003397 (2021).
37. Zhang, K. et al. Islr regulates canonical Wnt signaling-mediated skeletal muscle regeneration by stabilizing Dishevelled-2 and preventing autophagy. Nat. Commun. 9, 5129 (2018).
38. Cui, C. et al. ISLR regulates skeletal muscle atrophy via IGF1-PI3K/Akt-Foxo signaling pathway. Cell Tissue Res. 294, 1704–1714 (2020).
39. Xu, J. et al. Secreted stromal protein ISLR promotes intestinal regeneration by suppressing epithelial Hippo signaling. EMBO J. 39, e50611–e50619 (2020).
40. Castellanos Rivera, R. M. et al. Transcriptional regulator RBP-J regulates the number and plasticity of renin cells. Physiol. Genomics 43, 1021–1028 (2011).
41. Machura, K. et al. Connexin 40 is dispensable for vascular renin cell recruitment but is indispensable for vascular baroreceptor control of renin secretion. Pfugers Arch. 467, 1825–1834 (2015).
42. Mori, M. et al. Generation of functional lungs via conditional blastocyst complementation using pluripotent stem cells. Nat. Med. 25, 1691–1698 (2019).
43. Ke, M.-T. et al. Super-resolution mapping of neuronal circuitry with an index-optimized clearing agent. Cell Rep. 14, 2718–2732 (2016).
44. Liu, J. et al. Cell-specifc translational profling in acute kidney injury. J. Clin. Investig. 124, 1242–1254 (2014).
45. Brunskill, E. W. et al. Genes that confer the identity of the renin cell. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 22, 2213–2225 (2011).
46. Higashi, A. Y., Aronow, B. J. & Dressler, G. R. Expression profling of fbroblasts in chronic and acute disease models reveals novel pathways in kidney fbrosis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 30, 80–94 (2019).
47. R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (2020).
48. Pavkovic, M. et al. Multi omics analysis of fbrotic kidneys in two mouse models. Scientifc Data 6, 1–9 (2019).
49. Ransick, A. et al. Single-cell profling reveals sex, lineage, and regional diversity in the mouse kidney. Dev. Cell 51, 399-413.e7 (2019).
50. Wu, H. et al. Single-cell transcriptomics of a human kidney allograf biopsy specimen defnes a diverse infammatory response. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 29, 2069–2080 (2018).
51. Stuart, T. et al. Comprehensive integration of single-cell data. Cell 177, 1888–1902 (2019).
52. Wickham, H. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis (2016).
53. Wickham, H., François, R., Henry, L. & Müller, K. dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation (2020).
54. Kato, N. et al. Basigin/CD147 promotes renal fbrosis afer unilateral ureteral obstruction. Am. J. Pathol. 178, 572–579 (2011).
55. Schindelin, J. et al. Fiji: An open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat. Methods 9, 676–682 (2012).
56. Young, K. & Morrison, H. Quantifying microglia morphology from photomicrographs of immunohistochemistry prepared tissue using ImageJ. J. Vis. Exp. https://doi.org/10.3791/57648 (2018).
57. Wickham, H. et al. Welcome to the tidyverse. J. Open Source Sofw. 4, 1686 (2019).
58. Kassambara, A. ggpubr: “ggplot2” Based Publication Ready Plots (2020).
59. Allen, M. et al. Raincloud plots: A multi-platform tool for robust data visualization. Wellcome Open Res. 4, 63 (2021).
60. RStudio Team. RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R (RStudio Team, 2020).
61. Kassambara, A., Kosinski, M. & Biecek, P. survminer: Drawing Survival Curves using “ggplot2” (2020).
62. Terneau, T. A Package for Survival Analysis in R.
63. Sjoberg, D. D., Curry, M., Hannum, M., Whiting, K. & Zabor, E. C. gtsummary: Presentation-Ready Data Summary and Analytic Result Tables (2021).
64. Gohel, D. fextable: Functions for Tabular Reporting (2020).
65. Bachmann, S., Le Hir, M. & Eckardt, K. U. Co-localization of erythropoietin mRNA and ecto-5’-nucleotidase immunoreactivity in peritubular cells of rat renal cortex indicates that fbroblasts produce erythropoietin. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 41, 335–341 (1993).
66. Kuwabara, T. et al. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels refect damage to glomeruli, proximal tubules, and distal nephrons. Kidney Int. 75, 285–294 (2009).
67. Kramann, R., Wongboonsin, J., Chang-Panesso, M., Machado, F. G. & Humphreys, B. D. Gli1+ pericyte loss induces capillary rarefaction and proximal tubular injury. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 28, 776–784 (2017).
68. Rabe, M. & Schaefer, F. Non-transgenic mouse models of kidney disease. Nephron 133, 53–61 (2016).
69. Gomez, I. G. & Dufeld, J. S. Te FOXD1 lineage of kidney perivascular cells and myofbroblasts: Functions and responses to injury. Kidney Int. Suppl. 4, 26–33 (2014).
70. Lemos, D. R. et al. Maintenance of vascular integrity by pericytes is essential for normal kidney function. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 311, F1230–F1242 (2016).
71. Dvorak, H. F. Tumors: Wounds that do not heal—Redux. Cancer Immunol. Res. 3, 1–11 (2015)