1. Drew, D. & Boudker, O. Shared Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Transporters. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 85, 543–572 (2016).
2. Rees, D. C., Johnson, E. & Lewinson, O. ABC transporters: The power to change. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 10, 218–227 (2009).
3. Morita, Y. et al. NorM, a putative multidrug efflux protein, of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its homolog in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 1778–82 (1998).
4. Su, X.-Z., Chen, J., Mizushima, T., Kuroda, T. & Tsuchiya, T. AbeM, an H-Coupled Acinetobacter baumannii Multidrug Efflux Pump Belonging to the MATE Family of Transporters. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 4362–4364 (2005).
5. Braibant, M., Guilloteau, L. & Zygmunt, M. S. Functional characterization of Brucella melitensis NorMI, an efflux pump belonging to the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 3050–3053 (2002).
6. Huda, M. N., Morita, Y., Kuroda, T., Mizushima, T. & Tsuchiya, T. Na+-driven multidrug efflux pump VcmA from Vibrio cholerae non-O1, a non- halophilic bacterium. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 203, 235–239 (2001).
7. Kaatz, G. W., Mcaleese, F. & Seo, S. M. Multidrug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Due to Overexpression of a Novel Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion (MATE) Transport Protein. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 1857– 1864 (2005).
8. McAleese, F. et al. A novel MATE family efflux pump contributes to the reduced susceptibility of laboratory-derived Staphylococcus aureus mutants to tigecycline. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 1865–1871 (2005).
9. Otsuka, M. et al. A human transporter protein that mediates the final excretion step for toxic organic cations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102, 17923– 17928 (2005).
10. Tanihara, Y. et al. Substrate specificity of MATE1 and MATE2-K, human multidrug and toxin extrusions/H + -organic cation antiporters. Biochem. Pharmacol. 74, 359–371 (2007).
11. Masuda, S. et al. Identification and functional characterization of a new human kidney-specific H+/organic cation antiporter, kidney-specific multidrug and toxin extrusion 2. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17, 2127–35 (2006).
12. Yokoo, S. et al. Differential contribution of organic cation transporters, OCT2 and MATE1, in platinum agent-induced nephrotoxicity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 74, 477–487 (2007).
13. Hvorup, R. N. et al. The multidrug/oligosaccharidyllipid/polysaccharide (MOP) exporter superfamily. Eur. J. Biochem. 270, 799–813 (2003).
14. Morita, M. et al. Vacuolar transport of nicotine is mediated by a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter in Nicotiana tabacum.
15. Thompson, E. P., Wilkins, C., Demidchik, V., Davies, J. M. & Glover, B. J. An Arabidopsis flavonoid transporter is required for anther dehiscence and pollen development. J. Exp. Bot. 61, 439–51 (2010).
16. Marinova, K. et al. The Arabidopsis MATE Transporter TT12 Acts as a Vacuolar Flavonoid/H+-Antiporter Active in Proanthocyanidin-Accumulating Cells of the Seed Coat. PLANT CELL ONLINE 19, 2023–2038 (2007).
17. Li, L., He, Z., Pandey, G. K., Tsuchiya, T. & Luan, S. Functional cloning and characterization of a plant efflux carrier for multidrug and heavy metal detoxification. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 5360–5368 (2002).
18. Zhang, H. et al. A DTX/MATE-type transporter facilitates abscisic acid efflux and modulates ABA sensitivity and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. Mol. Plant 7, 1522–1532 (2014).
19. Durrett, T. P., Gassmann, W. & Rogers, E. E. The FRD3-mediated efflux of citrate into the root vasculature is necessary for efficient iron translocation. Plant Physiol. 144, 197–205 (2007).
20. Liu, J., Magalhaes, J. V., Shaff, J. & Kochian, L. V. Aluminumactivated citrate and malate transporters from the MATE and ALMT families function independently to confer Arabidopsis aluminum tolerance. Plant J. 57, 389–399 (2009).
21. Pineau, C. et al. Natural Variation at the FRD3 MATE Transporter Locus Reveals Cross-Talk between Fe Homeostasis and Zn Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet. 8, e1003120 (2012).
22. Omote, H., Hiasa, M., Matsumoto, T., Otsuka, M. & Moriyama, Y. The MATE proteins as fundamental transporters of metabolic and xenobiotic organic cations. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 27, 587–593 (2006).
23. Yan, N. Structural Biology of the Major Facilitator Superfamily Transporters. Annu. Rev. Biophys. 44, 257–283 (2015).
24. Brown, M. H., Paulsen, I. T. & Skurray, R. A. The multidrug efflux protein NorM is a prototype of a new family of transporters [2]. Mol. Microbiol. 31, 394–395 (1999).
25. He, X. et al. Structure of a cation-bound multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter. Nature 467, 991–4 (2010).
26. Lu, M. et al. Structures of a Na + -coupled, substrate-bound MATE multidrug transporter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110, 2099–2104 (2013).
27. Radchenko, M. et al. Structural basis for the blockade of MATE multidrug efflux pumps. Nat. Commun. 6, 7995 (2015).
28. Nie, L. et al. Identification of the High-affinity Substrate-binding Site of the Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) Family Transporter from Pseudomonas stutzeri. J. Biol. Chem. 291, 15503–15514 (2016).
29. Eisinger, M. L., Nie, L., Dörrbaum, A. R., Langer, J. D. & Michel, H. The Xenobiotic Extrusion Mechanism of the MATE Transporter NorM_PS from Pseudomonas stutzeri. J. Mol. Biol. 430, 1311–1323 (2018).
30. Tanaka, Y. et al. Structural basis for the drug extrusion mechanism by a MATE multidrug transporter. Nature 496, 247–51 (2013).
31. Lu, M., Radchenko, M., Symersky, J., Nie, R. & Guo, Y. Structural insights into H+-coupled multidrug extrusion by a MATE transporter. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 20, 1310–7 (2013).
32. Radchenko, M., Symersky, J., Nie, R. & Lu, M. Structural basis for the blockade of MATE multidrug efflux pumps. Nat. Commun. 6, 7995 (2015).
33. Kusakizako, T. et al. Structural Basis of H +-Dependent Conformational Change in a Bacterial MATE Transporter. Structure 27, 293–301 (2019).
34. Matsumoto, T., Kanamoto, T., Otsuka, M., Omote, H. & Moriyama, Y. Role of glutamate residues in substrate recognition by human MATE1 polyspecific H+/organic cation exporter. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 294, C1074-8 (2008).
35. Li, R. et al. ADP1 Affects Plant Architecture by Regulating Local Auxin Biosynthesis. PLoS Genet. 10, e1003954 (2014).
36. Hattori, M., Hibbs, R. E. & Gouaux, E. A Fluorescence-Detection Size-Exclusion Chromatography-Based Thermostability Assay for Membrane Protein Precrystallization Screening. Structure 20, (2012).
37. Caffrey, M. & Cherezov, V. Crystallizing membrane proteins using lipidic mesophases. Nat. Protoc. 4, 706–31 (2009).
38. Ueno, G. et al. Remote access and automation of SPring-8 MX beamlines. in AIP Conference Proceedings 1741, (2016).
39. Yamashita, K., Hirata, K. & Yamamoto, M. KAMO: towards automated data processing for microcrystals. Res. Pap. Acta Cryst 74, 441–449 (2018).
40. Kabsch, W. XDS. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D Biol. Crystallogr. 66, 125–132 (2010).
41. Vagin, A. & Teplyakov, A. MOLREP: an Automated Program for Molecular Replacement. J. Appl. Cryst 30, 1022–1025 (1997).
42. Murshudov, G. N., Vagin, A. ! A. & Dodson, E. J. Refinement of Macromolecular Structures by the Maximum-Likelihood Method. Acta Cryst 53, 240–255 (1997).
43. Emsley, P., Lohkamp, B., Scott, W. G. & Cowtan, K. Features and development of Coot. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 66, 486–501 (2010).
44. Adams, P. D. et al. PHENIX: building new software for automated crystallographic structure determination. Res. Pap. PHENIX Acta Cryst (1948).
45. Lu, M. Structures of multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporters and their mechanistic implications. Channels (Austin). 6950, (2015).
46. Phillips, J. C. et al. Scalable molecular dynamics with NAMD. J. Comput. Chem. 26, 1781–1802 (2005).
47. Humphrey, W., Dalke, A. & Schulten, K. VMD: Visual molecular dynamics. J. Mol. Graph. 14, 33–38 (1996).
48. Best, R. B. et al. Optimization of the additive CHARMM all-atom protein force field targeting improved sampling of the backbone φ, ψ and sidechain χ(1) and χ(2) dihedral angles. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 8, 3257–3273 (2012).
49. Feller, S. E., Zhang, Y., Pastor, R. W. & Brooks, B. R. Constant pressure molecular dynamics simulation: The Langevin piston method. J. Chem. Phys. 103, 4613–4621 (1995).
50. Darden, T., York, D. & Pedersen, L. Particle mesh Ewald: An N ⋅ log( N ) method for Ewald sums in large systems. J. Chem. Phys. 98, 10089– 10092 (1993).
51. Kuk, A. C. Y., Mashalidis, E. H. & Lee, S.-Y. Crystal structure of the MOP flippase MurJ in an inward-facing conformation. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 24, 171–176 (2016).
52. Krissinel, E. et al. Secondary-structure matching (SSM), a new tool for fast protein structure alignment in three dimensions. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D Biol. Crystallogr. 60, 2256–2268 (2004).
53. Marks, D. S. et al. Protein 3D Structure Computed from Evolutionary Sequence Variation. PLoS One 6, (2011).
54. Hopf, T. A. et al. Three-Dimensional Structures of Membrane Proteins from Genomic Sequencing. Cell 149, 1607–1621 (2012).
55. Šali, A. & Blundell, T. L. Comparative Protein Modelling by Satisfaction of Spatial Restraints. J. Mol. Biol. 234, 779–815 (1993).
56. Tanaka, Y., Iwaki, S. & Tsukazaki, T. Crystal Structure of a Plant Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion Family Protein. Structure 25, 1455- 1460.e2 (2017).