1 Tipton, K. D., Ferrando, A. A., Phillips, S. M., Doyle, D., Jr. & Wolfe, R.R. Postexercise net protein synthesis in human muscle from orally administered amino acids. The American journal of physiology 276,E628-634, doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.4.E628 (1999).
2 Volpi, E., Kobayashi, H., Sheffield-Moore, M., Mittendorfer, B. & Wolfe, R. R. Essential amino acids are primarily responsible for the amino acid stimulation of muscle protein anabolism in healthy elderly adults. The American journal of clinical nutrition 78, 250-258, doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.2.250 (2003).
3 Ivy, J. L., Res, P. T., Sprague, R. C. & Widzer, M. O. Effect of a carbohydrate-protein supplement on endurance performance during exercise of varying intensity. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 13, 382-395 (2003).
4 Kang, S. W. et al. Oligomerized lychee fruit extract (OLFE) and a mixture of vitamin C and vitamin E for endurance capacity in a double blind randomized controlled trial. J Clin Biochem Nutr 50, 106-113,doi:10.3164/jcbn.11-46 (2012).
5 Pilaczynska-Szczesniak, L., Skarpanska-Steinborn, A., Deskur, E., Basta, P. & Horoszkiewicz-Hassan, M. The influence of chokeberry juice supplementation on the reduction of oxidative stress resulting from an incremental rowing ergometer exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 15, 48-58 (2005).
6 Zurlo, F., Larson, K., Bogardus, C. & Ravussin, E. Skeletal muscle metabolism is a major determinant of resting energy expenditure. J Clin Invest 86, 1423-1427, doi:10.1172/JCI114857 (1990).
7 DeFronzo, R. A. et al. The effect of insulin on the disposal of intravenous glucose. Results from indirect calorimetry and hepatic and femoral venous catheterization. Diabetes 30, 1000-1007, doi:10.2337/diab.30.12.1000 (1981).
8 Egan, B. & Zierath, J. R. Exercise metabolism and the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation. Cell Metab 17, 162-184,doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.012 (2013).
9 Costill, D. L. et al. Skeletal muscle enzymes and fiber composition in male and female track athletes. J Appl Physiol 40, 149-154,doi:10.1152/jappl.1976.40.2.149 (1976).
10 Widrick, J. J., Stelzer, J. E., Shoepe, T. C. & Garner, D. P. Functional properties of human muscle fibers after short-term resistance exercise training. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 283,R408-416, doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00120.2002 (2002).
11 Zhang, L. et al. Skeletal Muscle-Specific Overexpression of PGC-1alpha Induces Fiber-Type Conversion through Enhanced Mitochondrial Respiration and Fatty Acid Oxidation in Mice and Pigs.Int J Biol Sci 13, 1152-1162, doi:10.7150/ijbs.20132 (2017).
12 Stewart, C. E. & Rittweger, J. Adaptive processes in skeletal muscle: molecular regulators and genetic influences. Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions 6, 73-86 (2006).
13 Fernandes, T., Ursula, S. P. R., Stephano, M. F. S., Cleber, A. R. & Edilamaar, O. M. Signaling Pathways that Mediate Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Effects of Exercise Training. INTECH Open Access Publisher, doi:10.5772/51087 (2012).
14 Dummler, B. et al. Life with a single isoform of Akt: mice lacking Akt2 and Akt3 are viable but display impaired glucose homeostasis and growth deficiencies. Molecular and cellular biology 26, 8042-8051,doi:10.1128/MCB.00722-06 (2006).
15 Guertin, D. A. et al. Ablation in mice of the mTORC components raptor, rictor, or mLST8 reveals that mTORC2 is required for signaling to Akt-FOXO and PKCalpha, but not S6K1. Dev Cell 11, 859-871, doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2006.10.007 (2006).
16 Bentzinger, C. F. et al. Skeletal muscle-specific ablation of raptor, but not of rictor, causes metabolic changes and results in muscle dystrophy. Cell Metab 8, 411-424, doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.10.002(2008).
17 Wall, B. T., Dirks, M. L. & van Loon, L. J. Skeletal muscle atrophy during short-term disuse: implications for age-related sarcopenia.Ageing Res Rev 12, 898-906, doi:10.1016/j.arr.2013.07.003 (2013).
18 Goodman, C. A. & Hornberger, T. A. New roles for Smad signaling and phosphatidic acid in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass.F1000Prime Rep 6, 20, doi:10.12703/P6-20 (2014).
19 Lessard, S. J. et al. JNK regulates muscle remodeling via myostatin/SMAD inhibition. Nat Commun 9, 3030,doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05439-3 (2018).
20 Zimmers, T. A. et al. Induction of cachexia in mice by systemically administered myostatin. Science 296, 1486-1488,doi:10.1126/science.1069525 (2002).
21 Haidet, A. M. et al. Long-term enhancement of skeletal muscle mass and strength by single gene administration of myostatin inhibitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105, 4318-4322, doi:10.1073/pnas.0709144105(2008).
22 Tando, T. et al. Smad2/3 Proteins Are Required for Immobilization-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. The Journal of biological chemistry 291, 12184-12194,doi:10.1074/jbc.M115.680579 (2016).
23 Seoane, J., Le, H. V., Shen, L., Anderson, S. A. & Massague, J.Integration of Smad and forkhead pathways in the control of neuroepithelial and glioblastoma cell proliferation. Cell 117, 211-223,doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00298-3 (2004).
24 Sandri, M. et al. Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy. Cell 117,399-412, doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00400-3 (2004).
25 Sanchez, A. M., Candau, R. B. & Bernardi, H. FoxO transcription factors: their roles in the maintenance of skeletal muscle homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 71, 1657-1671, doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1513-z (2014).
26 Labeit, S. et al. Modulation of muscle atrophy, fatigue and MLC phosphorylation by MuRF1 as indicated by hindlimb suspension studies on MuRF1-KO mice. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010, 693741,doi:10.1155/2010/693741 (2010).
27 Gomes, A. V. et al. Upregulation of proteasome activity in muscle RING finger 1-null mice following denervation. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 26, 2986-2999, doi:10.1096/fj.12-204495(2012).
28 Greer, E. L. et al. The energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase directly regulates the mammalian FOXO3 transcription factor. The Journal of biological chemistry 282, 30107-30119,doi:10.1074/jbc.M705325200 (2007).
29 Egawa, T. et al. AMPK-Mediated Regulation of Protein Degradation Systems in Unloaded Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Juntendo Medical Journal 62, 172-178, doi:10.14789/jmj.62.s172 (2016).
30 Weisburger, J. H. Tea and health: a historical perspective. Cancerletters 114, 315-317 (1997).
31 Yang, C. S., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Huang, J. & Wang, Y. Mechanisms of body weight reduction and metabolic syndrome alleviation by tea. Mol Nutr Food Res 60, 160-174, doi:10.1002/mnfr.201500428 (2016).
32 Sang, S., Lambert, J. D., Ho, C. T. & Yang, C. S. The chemistry and biotransformation of tea constituents. Pharmacol Res 64, 87-99,doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2011.02.007 (2011).
33 Mulder, T. P., van Platerink, C. J., Wijnand Schuyl, P. J. & van Amelsvoort, J. M. Analysis of theaflavins in biological fluids using liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 760, 271-279, doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00285-7 (2001).
34 Kudo, N. et al. A Single Oral Administration of Theaflavins Increases Energy Expenditure and the Expression of Metabolic Genes. PloS one 10, e0137809, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137809 (2015).
35 Eguchi, T. et al. Black tea high-molecular-weight polyphenol stimulates exercise training-induced improvement of endurance capacity in mouse via the link between AMPK and GLUT4. PloS one 8, e69480, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069480 (2013).
36 Komatsu, T. et al. Oolong tea increases energy metabolism in Japanese females. J Med Invest 50, 170-175 (2003).
37 Patel, H. & Bhardwaj, A. in StatPearls (2019).
38 Currie, E., Schulze, A., Zechner, R., Walther, T. C. & Farese, R. V., Jr.Cellular fatty acid metabolism and cancer. Cell Metab 18, 153-161, doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.05.017 (2013).
39 Kastaniotis, A. J. et al. Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis, fatty acids and mitochondrial physiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 1862, 39-48, doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.08.011 (2017).
40 Fujihara, T., Nakagawa-Izumi, A., Ozawa, T. & Numata, O. High-molecular-weight polyphenols from oolong tea and black tea: purification, some properties, and role in increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 71, 711-719, doi:10.1271/bbb.60562 (2007).
41 Zorova, L. D. et al. Mitochondrial membrane potential. Analytical biochemistry 552, 50-59, doi:10.1016/j.ab.2017.07.009 (2018).
42 Chaouali, N. et al. Potential Toxic Levels of Cyanide in Almonds (Prunus amygdalus), Apricot Kernels (Prunus armeniaca), and Almond Syrup. ISRN Toxicology 2013, 1-6, doi:10.1155/2013/610648 (2013).
43 Booth, F. W., Ruegsegger, G. N., Toedebusch, R. G. & Yan, Z. Endurance Exercise and the Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Metabolism. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 135, 129-151, doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.016 (2015).
44 Lundby, C. & Jacobs, R. A. Adaptations of skeletal muscle mitochondria to exercise training. Exp Physiol 101, 17-22,doi:10.1113/EP085319 (2016).
45 Holecek, M. Muscle wasting in animal models of severe illness. Int J Exp Pathol 93, 157-171, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00812.x(2012).
46 Miyazawa, T., Nakagawa, K. & Asai, A. Biodynamics of Natural Antioxidants in Humans. Kagaku To Seibutsu 38, 104-114,doi:10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.38.104 (2000).
47 Bodine, S. C. et al. Identification of ubiquitin ligases required for skeletal muscle atrophy. Science 294, 1704-1708,doi:10.1126/science.1065874 (2001).
48 Carnac, G., Vernus, B. & Bonnieu, A. Myostatin in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle. Curr Genomics 8, 415-422,doi:10.2174/138920207783591672 (2007).
49 MacDonald, E. M. et al. Denervation atrophy is independent from Akt and mTOR activation and is not rescued by myostatin inhibition. Dis Model Mech 7, 471-481, doi:10.1242/dmm.014126 (2014).
50 De Castro, F. M. P., Aquino, R., Berti, J. A., Gonçalves, L. G. C. & Puggina, E. F. Strength Training with Vascular Occlusion: A Review of Possible Adaptive Mechanisms. Human Movement 18, doi:10.1515/humo-2017-0010 (2017).
51 Bertaggia, E., Coletto, L. & Sandri, M. Posttranslational modifications control FoxO3 activity during denervation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 302, C587-596, doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00142.2011 (2012).
52 White, J. P. et al. Overload-induced skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodelling and myofibre growth in mice lacking IL-6. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 197, 321-332, doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.02029.x(2009).
53 Bodine, S. C. Disuse-induced muscle wasting. Int J Biochem Cell Biol45, 2200-2208, doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2013.06.011 (2013).
54 Baldwin, K. M., Cheadle, W. G., Martinez, O. M. & Cooke, D. A. Effect of functional overload on enzyme levels in different types of skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 42, 312-317,doi:10.1152/jappl.1977.42.2.312 (1977).
55 Desaulniers, P., Lavoie, P. A. & Gardiner, P. F. Effect of rat soleus muscle overload on neuromuscular transmission efficacy during continuous and intermittent activation. Exp Physiol 90, 333-340,doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2004.029132 (2005).
56 Baar, K. & Esser, K. Phosphorylation of p70(S6k) correlates with increased skeletal muscle mass following resistance exercise. The American journal of physiology 276, C120-127 (1999).
57 Terzis, G. et al. The degree of p70 S6k and S6 phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle in response to resistance exercise depends on the training volume. European journal of applied physiology 110,835-843, doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1527-2 (2010).
58 Chaillou, T. et al. Hypoxia transiently affects skeletal muscle hypertrophy in a functional overload model. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302, R643-654, doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00262.2011 (2012).
59 Dirks, M. L. et al. One Week of Bed Rest Leads to Substantial Muscle Atrophy and Induces Whole-Body Insulin Resistance in the Absence of Skeletal Muscle Lipid Accumulation. Diabetes 65, 2862-2875, doi:10.2337/db15-1661 (2016).
60 Vandenburgh, H., Chromiak, J., Shansky, J., Del Tatto, M. & Lemaire,J. Space travel directly induces skeletal muscle atrophy. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 13, 1031-1038 (1999).
61 Fitts, R. H., Riley, D. R. & Widrick, J. J. Functional and structural adaptations of skeletal muscle to microgravity. The Journal of experimental biology 204, 3201-3208 (2001).
62 Adams, G. R., Caiozzo, V. J. & Baldwin, K. M. Skeletal muscle unweighting: spaceflight and ground-based models. Journal of applied physiology 95, 2185-2201,doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00346.2003 (2003).
63 Powers, S. K., Lynch, G. S., Murphy, K. T., Reid, M. B. & Zijdewind, I. Disease-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Fatigue. Med Sci Sports Exerc 48, 2307-2319, doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000975(2016).
64 Kortebein, P. et al. Functional impact of 10 days of bed rest in healthy older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 63, 1076-1081,doi:10.1093/gerona/63.10.1076 (2008).
65 Xia, L., Cheung, K. K., Yeung, S. S. & Yeung, E. W. The involvement of transient receptor potential canonical type 1 in skeletal muscle regrowth after unloading-induced atrophy. The Journal of physiology 594, 3111-3126, doi:10.1113/JP271705 (2016).
66 Globus, R. K. & Morey-Holton, E. Hindlimb unloading: rodent analog for microgravity. Journal of applied physiology 120, 1196-1206,doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00997.2015 (2016).
67 Zhang, B. T., Yeung, S. S., Cheung, K. K., Chai, Z. Y. & Yeung, E. W.Adaptive responses of TRPC1 and TRPC3 during skeletal muscle atrophy and regrowth. Muscle Nerve 49, 691-699, doi:10.1002/mus.23952 (2014).
68 McGee, S. L., Mustard, K. J., Hardie, D. G. & Baar, K. Normal hypertrophy accompanied by phosphoryation and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha1 following overload in LKB1 knockout mice. The Journal of physiology 586, 1731-1741, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143685 (2008).
69 Fielding, R. A. et al. Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 12, 249-256, doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2011.01.003 (2011).
70 Spangenburg, E. E. & Booth, F. W. Leukemia inhibitory factor restores the hypertrophic response to increased loading in the LIF(-/-) mouse. Cytokine 34, 125-130,doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2006.05.001 (2006).
71 Kraemer, W. J. et al. Resistance exercise induces region-specific adaptations in anterior pituitary gland structure and function in rats.Journal of applied physiology 115, 1641-1647,doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00687.2013 (2013).
72 Carriere, A., Ray, H., Blenis, J. & Roux, P. P. The RSK factors of activating the Ras/MAPK signaling cascade. Front Biosci 13,4258-4275, doi:10.2741/3003 (2008).
73 Ogasawara, R. et al. The role of mTOR signalling in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass in a rodent model of resistance exercise. Sci Rep 6, 31142, doi:10.1038/srep31142 (2016).
74 Stouthamer, A. H. A theoretical study on the amount of ATP required for synthesis of microbial cell material. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 39, 545-565, doi:10.1007/bf02578899 (1973).
75 田中喜代次, 木塚朝博 & 大蔵倫博. 128-133 (金芳堂, 2013).
論文の公開元へ
