Alkooranee, J. T., Yin, Y., Aledan, T. R., Jiang, Y., Lu, G., Wu, J., and Li, M. 2015. Systemic resistance to powdery mildew in Brassica napus (AACC) and Raphanus alboglabra (RRCC) by Trichoderma harzianum TH12. PLoS One 10:e0142177
Allen, H. K., Donato, J., Wang, H. H., Cloud-Hansen, K. A., Davies, J., and Handelsman, J. 2010. Call of the wild: antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 8:251–259
Araki, Y., and Kurahashi, Y. 1999. Enhancement of phytoalexin synthesis during rice blast infection of leaves by pre-treatment with carpropamid. J. Pestic. Sci. 24:369–374
Arnaud, D., and Hwang, I. 2015. A sophisticated network of signaling pathways regulates stomatal defenses to bacterial pathogens. Mol. Plant. 8:566–581
Beattie, G. A. 2011. Water relations in the interaction of foliar bacterial pathogens with plants. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 49:533–555
Bender, C. L., Alarcón-Chaidez, F., and Gross, D. C. 1999. Pseudomonas syringae phytotoxins: mode of action, regulation, and biosynthesis by peptide and polyketide synthetases. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63:266–292
Brooks, D. M., Bender, C. L., and Kunkel, B. N. 2005. The Pseudomonas syringae phytotoxin coronatine promotes virulence by overcoming salicylic acid-dependent defences in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol. Plant Pathol. 6:629–639
Brooks, D. M., Hernández-Guzmán, G., Kloek, A. P., Alarcón-Chaidez, F., Sreedharan, A., Rangaswamy, V., Peñaloza-Vázquez, A., Bender, C. L., and Kunkel, B. N. 2004. Identification and characterization of a well-defined series of coronatine biosynthetic mutants of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Mol. Plant. Microbe. Interact. 17:162–174
Bull, C. T., Manceau, C., Lydon, J., Kong, H., Vinatzer, B. A., and Fischer-Le Saux, M. 2010. Pseudomonas cannabina pv. cannabina pv. nov., and Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis (Cintas Koike and Bull, 2000) comb. nov., are members of the emended species Pseudomonas cannabina (ex Šutič & Dowson 1959) Gardan, Shafik, Belouin, Brosch, Grimont & Grimont 1999. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 33:105–115
Chen, Y. C., Holmes, E. C., Rajniak, J., Kim, J. G., Tang, S., Fischer, C. R., Mudgett, M. B., and Sattely, E. S. 2018. N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid is a mobile metabolite that induces systemic disease resistance in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 115:E4920– E4929
Cheng, W., Munkvold, K. R., Gao, H., Mathieu, J., Schwizer, S., Wang, S., Yan, Y.-B., Wang, J., Martin, G. B., and Chai, J. 2011. Structural analysis of Pseudomonas syringae AvrPtoB bound to host BAK1 reveals two similar kinase-interacting domains in a type III Effector. Cell Host Microbe. 10:616–626
Cintas, N. A., Koike, S. T., and Bull, C. T. 2002. A new pathovar, Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis pv. nov., proposed for the causal agent of bacterial blight of broccoli and broccoli raab. Plant Dis. 86:992–998
Cools, H. J., and Ishii, H. 2002. Pre-treatment of cucumber plants with acibenzolar-S-methyl systemically primes a phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene (PAL1) for enhanced expression upon attack with a pathogenic fungus. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 61:273– 280
Cui, J., Bahrami, A. K., Pringle, E. G., Hernandez-Guzman, G., Bender, C. L., Pierce, N. E., and Ausubel, F. M. 2005. Pseudomonas syringae manipulates systemic plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102:1791–1796
Deepak, S. A., Ishii, H., and Park, P. 2006. Acibenzolar-S-methyl primes cell wall strengthening genes and reactive oxygen species forming/scavenging enzymes in cucumber after fungal pathogen attack. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 69:52–61
Dickinson, S. 1969. Studies in the physiology of obligate parasitism. J. Phytopathol. 66:38– 49
Elizabeth, S. V., and Bender, C. L. 2007. The phytotoxin coronatine from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 functions as a virulence factor and influences defence pathways in edible brassicas. Mol. Plant Pathol. 8:83–92
Eschen-Lippold, L., Jiang, X., Elmore, J. M., Mackey, D., Shan, L., Coaker, G., Scheel, D., and Lee, J. 2016. Bacterial AvrRpt2-like cysteine proteases block activation of the Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinases, MPK4 and MPK11. Plant Physiol. 171:2223–2238
Gardan, L., Shafik, H., Belouin, S., Broch, R., Grimont, F., and Grimont, P. A. 1999. DNA relatedness among the pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae and description of Pseudomonas tremae sp. nov. and Pseudomonas cannabina sp. nov. (ex Sutic and Dowson 1959). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49:469–478
Gimenez-Ibanez, S., Hann, D. R., Ntoukakis, V., Petutschnig, E., Lipka, V., and Rathjen, J. P. 2009. AvrPtoB targets the LysM receptor kinase CERK1 to promote bacterial virulence on plants. Curr. Biol. 19:423–429
Göhre, V., Spallek, T., Häweker, H., Mersmann, S., Mentzel, T., Boller, T., de Torres, M., Mansfield, J. W., and Robatzek, S. 2008. Plant pattern-recognition receptor FLS2 is directed for degradation by the bacterial ubiquitin ligase AvrPtoB. Curr. Biol. 18:1824– 1832
Görlach, J., Volrath, S., Knauf-Beiter, G., Hengy, G., Beckhove, U., Kogel, K. H., Oostendorp, M., Staub, T., Ward, E., Kessmann, H., and Ryals, J. 1996. Benzothiadiazole, a novel class of inducers of systemic acquired resistance, activates gene expression and disease resistance in wheat. Plant Cell 8:629–643
Grant, S. R., Fisher, E. J., Chang, J. H., Mole, B. M., and Dangl, J. L. 2006. Subterfuge and manipulation: type III effector proteins of phytopathogenic bacteria. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 60:425–449
Gudesblat, G. E., Torres, P. S., and Vojnov, A. A. 2009. Stomata and pathogens: Warfare at the gates. Plant Signal. Behav. 4:1114–1116
Hahlbrock, K., and Scheel, D. 1989. Physiology and molecular biology of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 40:347–369
Hartmann, M., Zeier, T., Bernsdorff, F., Reichel-Deland, V., Kim, D., Hohmann, M., Scholten, N., Schuck, S., Bräutigam, A., Hölzel, T., Ganter, C., and Zeier, J. 2018. Flavin monooxygenase-generated N-hydroxypipecolic acid is a critical element of plant systemic immunity. Cell 173:456-469.e16
Hurley, B., Lee, D., Mott, A., Wilton, M., Liu, J., Liu, Y. C., Angers, S., Coaker, G., Guttman, D. S., and Desveaux, D. 2014. The Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopF2 suppresses Arabidopsis stomatal immunity. PLoS One 9:e114921
Ichihara, A., Shiraishi, K., Sato, H., Sakamura, S., Nishiyama, K., Sakai, R., Furusaki, A., and Matsumoto, T. 1977. The structure of coronatine. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99:636–637
Ishiga, T., Ishiga, Y., Betsuyaku, S., and Nomura, N. 2018. AlgU contributes to the virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 by regulating production of the phytotoxin coronatine. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 84:189–201
Ishiga, Y., and Ichinose, Y. 2016. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato OxyR is required for virulence in tomato and Arabidopsis. Mol. Plant Microbe. Interact. 29:119–131
Ishiga, Y., Ishiga, T., Wangdi, T., Mysore, K. S., and Uppalapati, S. R. 2012. NTRC and chloroplast-generated reactive oxygen species regulate Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato disease development in tomato and Arabidopsis. Mol. Plant Microbe. Interact. 25:294–306
Ishii, H., Kato, T., Yamanaka, M., Cools, H., and Sugiyama, T. 2002. Induction activity of systemic disease resistance and metabolism of acibenzolar-S-methyl in cucumber (abstract in Japanese). 27th Ann. Meet. Pesticide Sci. Soc. Jpn. 79
Ishiyama, Y., Yamagishi, N., Ogiso, H., Fujinaga, M., and Takikawa, Y. 2013. Bacterial brown spot on Avena storigosa Schereb. caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 79:155–157
Iwai, T., Seo, S., Mitsuhara, I., and Ohashi, Y. 2007. Probenazole-induced accumulation of salicylic acid confers resistance to Magnaporthe grisea in adult rice plants. Plant Cell Physiol. 48:915–924
Iwata, M., Suzuki, Y., and Watanabe, T. 1980. Effect of probenazole on the activities of enzymes related to the resistant reaction in rice plant. Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 46:297–306
Jiang, S., Yao, J., Ma, K. W., Zhou, H., Song, J., He, S. Y., and Ma, W. 2013. Bacterial effector activates jasmonate signaling by directly targeting JAZ transcriptional repressors. PLoS Pathog. 9:e1003715
Jones, J. D. G., and Dangl, J. L. 2006. The plant immune system. Nature 444:323–329
Joshi-Saha, A., Valon, C., and Leung, J. 2011. A brand new START: abscisic acid perception and transduction in the guard cell. Sci. Signal 4:re4
Kanda, Y. 2013. Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software ‘EZR’for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transplant 48:452–458
Keane, P. J., Kerr, A., and PB New. 1970. Crown gall of stone fruit II. Identification and nomenclature of agrobacterium isolates. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 23:585–596
Khokon, M. A. R., Okuma, E., and Hossain, M. A. 2011. Involvement of extracellular oxidative burst in salicylic acid‐induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. Plant cell Environ. 34:434–443
King, E. O., Ward, M. K., and Raney, D. E. 1954. Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 44:301–307
Kloek, A. P., Verbsky, M. L., Sharma, S. B., Schoelz, J. E., Vogel, J., Klessig, D. F., and Kunkel, B. N. 2001. Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae conferred by an Arabidopsis thaliana coronatine-insensitive (coi1) mutation occurs through two distinct mechanisms. Plant J. 26:509–522
Kouzai, Y., Noutoshi, Y., Inoue, K., Shimizu, M., Onda, Y., and Mochida, K. 2018. Benzothiadiazole, a plant defense inducer, negatively regulates sheath blight resistance in Brachypodium distachyon. Sci. Rep. 8:1–7
Kubota, M., and Abiko, K. 2000. Induced resistance in hypocotyl of cucumber by infection with Colletotrichum lagenarium in leaves. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 66:128–131
Kunz, W., Schurter, R., and Maetzke, T. 1997. The chemistry of benzothiadiazole plant activators. Pestic. Sci. 50:275–282
Lawton, K. A., Friedrich, L., Hunt, M., Weymann, K., Delaney, T., Kessmann, H., Staub, T., and Ryals, J. 1996. Benzothiadiazole induces disease resistance in Arabidopsis by activation of the systemic acquired resistance signal transduction pathway. Plant J. 10:71–82
Le Roux, C., Huet, G., Jauneau, A., Camborde, L., Trémousaygue, D., Kraut, A., Zhou, B., Levaillant, M., Adachi, H., Yoshioka, H., Raffaele, S., Berthomé, R., Couté, Y., Parker, J. E., and Deslandes, L. 2015. A receptor pair with an integrated decoy converts pathogen disabling of transcription factors to immunity. Cell 161:1074–1088
Lee, S., Ishiga, Y., Clermont, K., and Mysore, K. S. 2013. Coronatine inhibits stomatal closure and delays hypersensitive response cell death induced by nonhost bacterial pathogens. PeerJ. 1:e34
Li, L., Kim, P., Yu, L., Cai, G., Chen, S., Alfano, J. R., and Zhou, J.-M. 2016. Activation- dependent destruction of a co-receptor by a Pseudomonas syringae effector dampens plant immunity. Cell Host Microbe. 20:504–514
Lindemann, J., Arny, D. C., and Upper, C. D. 1984. Use of apparent infection threshold population of Pseudomonas syringae to predict incidence and severity of brown spot of bean. Phytopathology 74:1334–1339
Lindow, S. E., and Brandl, M. T. 2003. Microbiology of the phyllosphere. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:1875–1883
Malamy, J., and Klessig, D. F. 1992. Salicylic acid and plant disease resistance. Plant J. 2:643–654
McDonald, K. L., and Cahill, D. M. 1999. Evidence for a transmissible factor that causes rapid stomatal closure in soybean at sites adjacent to and remote from hypersensitive cell death induced by Phytophthora sojae. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 55:197–203
McKown, K. H., and Bergmann, D. C. 2020. Stomatal development in the grasses: lessons from models and crops (and crop models). New Phytol. 227:1636–1648
Melotto, M., Underwood, W., Koczan, J., Nomura, K., and He, S. Y. 2006. Plant stomata function in innate immunity against bacterial invasion. Cell 126:969–980
Mino, Y., Matsushita, Y., and Sakai, R. 1987. Effect of coronatine on stomatal opening in leaves of broadbean and Italian ryegrass. Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 53:53–55
Mori, I. C., Pinontoan, R., Kawano, T., and Muto, S. 2001. Involvement of superoxide generation in salicylic acid-induced stomatal closure in Vicia faba. Plant Cell Physiol. 42:1383–1388
Mudgett, M. B. 2005. New insights to the function of phytopathogenic bacterial type III effectors in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 56:509–531
Mur, L. A. J., Kenton, P., and Lloyd, A. J. 2008. The hypersensitive response; the centenary is upon us but how much do we know? J. Exp. Bot. 59:501–520
Nakashita, H., Yoshioka, K., Yasuda, M., Nitta, T., Arai, Y., Yoshida, S., and Yamaguchi, I. 2002. Probenazole induces systemic acquired resistance in tobacco through salicylic acid accumulation. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 61:197–203
Návarová, H., Bernsdorff, F., Döring, A. C., and Zeier, J. 2012. Pipecolic acid, an endogenous mediator of defense amplification and priming, is a critical regulator of inducible plant immunity. Plant Cell 24:5123–5141
Nobori, T., Wang, Y., Wu, J., Stolze, S. C., Tsuda, Y., Finkemeier, I., Nakagami, H., and Tsuda, K. 2020. Multidimensional gene regulatory landscape of a bacterial pathogen in plants. Nat. Plants 6:883–896
Noutoshi, Y., Okazaki, M., Kida, T., Nishina, Y., Morishita, Y., Ogawa, T., Suzuki, H., Shibata, D., Jikumaru, Y., Hanada, A., Kamiya, Y., and Shirasu, K. 2012. Novel plant immune-priming compounds identified via high-throughput chemical screening target salicylic acid glucosyltransferases in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 24:3795–3804
Oostendorp, M., Kunz, W., Dietrich, B., and Staub, T. 2001. Induced disease resistance in plants by chemicals. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 107:19–28
Palmer, D. A., and Bender, C. L. 1993. Effects of environmental and nutritional factors on production of the polyketide phytotoxin coronatine by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:1619–1626
Parry, R. J., Mhaskar, S. V., Lin, M. T., Walker, A. E., and Mafoti, R. 1994. Investigations of the biosynthesis of the phytotoxin coronatine. Can. J. Chem. 72:86–99
Peñaloza-Vázquez Alejandro, and Bender Carol L. 1998. Characterization of CorR, a transcriptional activator which is required for biosynthesis of the phytotoxin coronatine. J. Bacteriol. 180:6252–6259
Roy, D., Panchal, S., Rosa, B. A., and Melotto, M. 2013. Escherichia coli O157:H7 induces stronger plant immunity than Salmonella enterica Typhimurium SL1344. Phytopathology 103:326–332
Saito, H., Yamashita, Y., Sakata, N., Ishiga, T., Shiraishi, N., Usuki, G., Nguyen, V. T., Yamamura, E., and Ishiga, Y. 2021. Covering soybean leaves with cellulose nanofiber changes leaf surface hydrophobicity and confers resistance against Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Front. Plant Sci. 12:726565
Sakai, R., Nishiyama, K., Ichihara, A., Shiraishi, K., and Sakamura, S. 1979. Studies on the mechanism of physiological activity of coronatine. Effect of coronatine on cell wall extensibility and expansion of potato tuber tissue. Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 45:645– 653
Sakata, N., Aoyagi, T., Ishiga, T., and Ishiga, Y. 2021a. Acibenzolar-S-methyl efficacy against bacterial brown stripe caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae in creeping bentgrass. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 87:387–393
Sakata, N., Ishiga, T., and Ishiga, Y. 2021b. Pseudmonas cannabina pv. alisalensis TrpA is required for virulence in multiple host plants. Front. Microbiol. 12:659734
Sakata, N., Ishiga, T., Saito, H., Nguyen, V. T., and Ishiga, Y. 2019. Transposon mutagenesis reveals Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis optimizes its virulence factors for pathogenicity on different hosts. PeerJ. 7:e7698
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E., and Maniatis, T. 1989. Molecular cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, U.S.A.
Sarris, P. F., Trantas, E. A., Baltrus, D. A., Bull, C. T., Wechter, W. P., Yan, S., Ververidis, F., Almeida, N. F., Jones, C. D., Dangl, J. L., Panopoulos, N. J., Vinatzer, B. A., and Goumas, D. E. 2013. Comparative genomics of multiple strains of Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis, a potential model pathogen of both monocots and dicots. PLoS One 8:e59366
Sawinski, K., Mersmann, S., Robatzek, S., and Böhmer, M. 2013. Guarding the green: pathways to stomatal immunity. Mol. Plant Microbe. Interact. 26:626–632
Schäfer, A., Tauch, A., Jäger, W., and Kalinowski, J. 1994. Small mobilizable multi-purpose cloning vectors derived from the Escherichia coli plasmids pK18 and pK19: selection of defined deletions in the chromosome of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Gene 145:69–73
Sekizawa, Y., Haga, M, Hirabayashi, E., Takeuchi, N., and Takino, Y. 1987. Dynamic behavior of superoxide generation in rice leaf tissue infected with blast fungus and its regulation by some substances. Agric. Biol. Chem. 51:763–770
Shimizu, R., Taguchi, F., Marutani, M., Mukaihara, T., Inagaki, Y., Toyoda, K., Shiraishi, T., and Ichinose, Y. 2003. The ΔfliD mutant of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, which secretes flagellin monomers, induces a strong hypersensitive reaction (HR) in non-host tomato cells. Mol. Genet. Genomics 269:21–30
Shimura, M., Mase, S., Iwata, M., Suzuki, A., Watanabe, T., Sekizawa, Y., Sasaki, T., Furihata, K., Seto, H., and Otake, N. 1983. Anti-conidial germination factors induced in the presence of probenazole in infected host leaves. III. Structural elucidation of substances A and C. Agric. Biol. Chem. 47:1983–1989
Silverman, P., Seskar, M., Kanter, D., Schweizer, P., Metraux, J. P., and Raskin, I. 1995.
Salicylic acid in rice (biosynthesis, conjugation, and possible role). Plant Physiol. 108:633–639
Sreedharan, A., Penaloza-Vazquez, A., Kunkel, B. N., and Bender, C. L. 2006. CorR regulates multiple components of virulence in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Mol. Plant Microbe. Interact. 19:768–779
Sugano, S., Jiang, C.-J., Miyazawa, S.-I., Masumoto, C., Yazawa, K., Hayashi, N., Shimono, M., Nakayama, A., Miyao, M., and Takatsuji, H. 2010. Role of OsNPR1 in rice defense program as revealed by genome-wide expression analysis. Plant Mol. Biol. 74:549–562
Takahashi, F., Ochiai, M., Ikeda, K., and Takikawa, Y. 2013a. Streptomycin and copper resistance in Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis (abstract in Japanese). Jpn. J. Phytopathol. 35.
Takahashi, F., Ogiso, H., Fujinaga, M., Ishiyama, Y., Inoue, Y., Shirakawa, T., and Takikawa, Y. 2013b. First report of bacterial blight of crucifers caused by Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis in Japan. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 79:260–269
Takahashi, F., and Shinozaki, K. 2019. Long-distance signaling in plant stress response. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 47:106–111
Takikawa, Y., and Takahashi, F. 2014. Bacterial leaf spot and blight of crucifer plants (Brassicaceae) caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and P. cannabina pv. alisalensis. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 80:466–474
Thomas, C. M., and Nielsen, K. M. 2005. Mechanisms of, and barriers to, horizontal gene transfer between bacteria. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 3:711–721
Toum, L., Torres, P. S., Gallego, S. M., Benavídes, M. P., Vojnov, A. A., and Gudesblat, G. E. 2016. Coronatine inhibits stomatal closure through guard cell-specific inhibition of NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production. Front. Plant Sci. 7:1851
Tripathi, D., Jiang, Y. L., and Kumar, D. 2010. SABP2, a methyl salicylate esterase is required for the systemic acquired resistance induced by acibenzolar-S-methyl in plants. FEBS Lett. 584:3458–3463
Ullrich, M., and Bender, C. L. 1994. The biosynthetic gene cluster for coronamic acid, an ethylcyclopropyl amino acid, contains genes homologous to amino acid-activating enzymes and thioesterases. J. Bacteriol. 24:7574–7586
Uppalapati, S. R., Ishiga, Y., Wangdi, T., Kunkel, B. N., Anand, A., Mysore, K. S., and Bender, C. L. 2007. The phytotoxin coronatine contributes to pathogen fitness and is required for suppression of salicylic acid accumulation in tomato inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Mol. Plant Microbe. Interact. 20:955–965
Wang, D., Amornsiripanitch, N., and Dong, X. 2006. A genomic approach to identify regulatory nodes in the transcriptional network of systemic acquired resistance in plants. PLoS Pathog. 2:e123
Wang, K., Kang, L., Anand, A., Lazarovits, G., and Mysore, K. S. 2007. Monitoring in planta bacterial infection at both cellular and whole-plant levels using the green fluorescent protein variant GFPuv. New Phytol. 174:212–223
Wang, Y., Li, J., Hou, S., Wang, X., Li, Y., Ren, D., Chen, S., Tang, X., and Zhou, J.-M. 2010. A Pseudomonas syringae ADP-ribosyltransferase inhibits Arabidopsis mitogen- activated protein kinase kinases. Plant Cell 22:2033–2044
Winn, M., Rowlinson, M., Wang, F., Bering, L., Francis, D., Levy, C., and Micklefield, J. 2021. Discovery, characterization and engineering of ligases for amide synthesis. Nature 593:391–398
Wu, S., Lu, D., Kabbage, M., Wei, H.-L., Swingle, B., Records, A. R., Dickman, M., He, P., and Shan, L. 2011. Bacterial effector HopF2 suppresses arabidopsis innate immunity at the plasma membrane. Mol. Plant Microbe. Interact. 24:585–593
Xiang, T., Zong, N., Zhang, J., Chen, J., Chen, M., and Zhou, J. M. 2011. BAK1 is not a target of the Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrPto. Mol. Plant Microbe. Interact. 24:100–107
Xiao, Y., Heu, S., Yi, J., Lu, Y., and Hutcheson, S. W. 1994. Identification of a putative alternate sigma factor and characterization of a multicomponent regulatory cascade controlling the expression of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Pss61 hrp and hrmA genes. J. Bacteriol. 176:1025–1036
Xin, X. F., Nomura, K., Aung, K., Velásquez, A. C., Yao, J., Boutrot, F., Chang, J. H., Zipfel, C., and He, S. Y. 2016. Bacteria establish an aqueous living space in plants crucial for virulence. Nature 539:524–529
Yang, L., Teixeira, P. J. P. L., Biswas, S., Finkel, O. M., He, Y., Salas-Gonzalez, I., English, M. E., Epple, P., Mieczkowski, P., and Dangl, J. L. 2017. Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopBB1 promotes host transcriptional repressor degradation to regulate phytohormone responses and virulence. Cell Host Microbe. 21:156–168
Yasuda, M., Ishikawa, A., Jikumaru, Y., Seki, M., Umezawa, T., Asami, T., Maruyama-Nakashita, A., Kudo, T., Shinozaki, K., Yoshida, S., and Nakashita, H. 2008. Antagonistic interaction between systemic acquired resistance and the abscisic acid– mediated abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 20:1678–1692
Yoshioka, K., Nakashita, H., Klessig, D. F., and Yamaguchi, I. 2001. Probenazole induces systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis with a novel type of action. Plant J. 25:149– 157
Zeier, J. 2013. New insights into the regulation of plant immunity by amino acid metabolic pathways. Plant Cell Environ. 36:2085–2103
Zhang, D., Tian, C., Yin, K., Wang, W., and Qiu, J. L. 2019. Postinvasive bacterial resistance conferred by open stomata in rice. Mol. Plant. Microbe. Interact. 32:255–266
Zhang, Z., Wu, Y., Gao, M., Zhang, J., Kong, Q., Liu, Y., Ba, H., Zhou, J., and Zhang, Y. 2012. Disruption of PAMP-induced MAP kinase cascade by a Pseudomonas syringae effector activates plant immunity mediated by the NB-LRR protein SUMM2. Cell Host Microbe. 11:253–263
Zheng, X. Y., Spivey, N. W., Zeng, W., Liu, P.-P., Fu, Z. Q., Klessig, D. F., He, S. Y., and Dong, X. 2012. Coronatine promotes Pseudomonas syringae virulence in plants by activating a signaling cascade that inhibits salicylic acid accumulation. Cell Host Microbe. 11:587–596
Zhou, J., and Chai, J. 2008. Plant pathogenic bacterial type III effectors subdue host responses. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 11:179–185