1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A: Global cancer
statistics 2018: Globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36
cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 68(6): 394-424, 2018.
Collins VP, Loeffler RK, Tivey H: Observations on growth rates of human
tumors. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 76(5): 988-1000, 1956.
Collins VP: Time of occurrence of pulmonary metastasis from carcinoma of
colon and rectum. Cancer 15: 387-395, 1962.
Holmgren L, O'Reilly MS, Folkman J: Dormancy of micrometastases: Balanced
proliferation and apoptosis in the presence of angiogenesis suppression. Nat
Med 1(2): 149-153, 1995.
Perret GY: Pharmacological strategies and micrometastasis: What is known?
What must be done? Minerva Med 101(3): 163-178, 2010.
Friberg S, Mattson S: On the growth rates of human malignant tumors:
Implications for medical decision making. J Surg Oncol 65(4): 284-297, 1997.
Usuda K, Saito Y, Sagawa M, Sato M, Kanma K, Takahashi S, Endo C, Chen Y,
Sakurada A, Fujimura S: Tumor doubling time and prognostic assessment of
patients with primary lung cancer. Cancer 74(8): 2239-2244, 1994.
Asakura K, Yoshida Y, Sakurai H, Nakagawa K, Motoi N, Watanabe SI:
Prognostic impact of tumor doubling time in patients with metachronous lung
cancer. World J Surg 43(12): 3259-3266, 2019.
Kuroishi T, Tominaga S, Morimoto T, Tashiro H, Itoh S, Watanabe H, Fukuda
M, Ota J, Horino T, Ishida T, Yokoe T, Enomoto K, Kashiki Y, Ogita M: Tumor
growth rate and prognosis of breast cancer mainly detected by mass screening.
Jpn J Cancer Res 81(5): 454-462, 1990.
Welin S, Youker J, Spratt JS, Jr.: The rates and patterns of growth of 375 tumors
of the large intestine and rectum observed serially by double contrast enema
study (malmoe technique). Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 90: 673687, 1963.
Bolin S, Nilsson E, Sjodahl R: Carcinoma of the colon and rectum--growth rate.
Ann Surg 198(2): 151-158, 1983.
Tanaka K, Shimada H, Miura M, Fujii Y, Yamaguchi S, Endo I, Sekido H, Togo
S, Ike H: Metastatic tumor doubling time: Most important prehepatectomy
92
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
predictor of survival and nonrecurrence of hepatic colorectal cancer metastasis.
World J Surg 28(3): 263-270, 2004.
Tanaka K, Shimada H, Fujii Y, Endo I, Sekido H, Togo S, Ike H: Prehepatectomy prognostic staging to determine treatment strategy for colorectal
cancer metastases to the liver. Langenbecks Arch Surg 389(5): 371-379, 2004.
Tanaka K, Shimada H, Ueda M, Matsuo K, Endo I, Togo S: Long-term
characteristics of 5-year survivors after liver resection for colorectal metastases.
Ann Surg Oncol 14(4): 1336-1346, 2007.
Kawaguchi K, Uehara K, Nakayama G, Fukui T, Fukumoto K, Nakamura S,
Yokoi K: Growth rate of chemotherapy-naive lung metastasis from colorectal
cancer could be a predictor of early relapse after lung resection. Int J Clin Oncol
21(2): 329-334, 2016.
Tomimaru Y, Noura S, Ohue M, Okami J, Oda K, Higashiyama M, Yamada T,
Miyashiro I, Ohigashi H, Yano M, Kodama K, Ishikawa O, Murata K, Yokouchi
H, Sasaki Y, Kameyama M, Imaoka S: Metastatic tumor doubling time is an
independent predictor of intrapulmonary recurrence after pulmonary resection of
solitary pulmonary metastasis from colorectal cancer. Dig Surg 25(3): 220-225,
2008.
Cass AW, Million RR, Pfaff WW: Patterns of recurrence following surgery
alone for adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. Cancer 37(6): 2861-2865,
1976.
van Gestel YR, Thomassen I, Lemmens VE, Pruijt JF, van Herk-Sukel MP,
Rutten HJ, Creemers GJ, de Hingh IH: Metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis
after curative treatment of colorectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 40(8): 963-969,
2014.
Segelman J, Granath F, Holm T, Machado M, Mahteme H, Martling A:
Incidence, prevalence and risk factors for peritoneal carcinomatosis from
colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 99(5): 699-705, 2012.
Franko J, Shi Q, Goldman CD, Pockaj BA, Nelson GD, Goldberg RM, Pitot HC,
Grothey A, Alberts SR, Sargent DJ: Treatment of colorectal peritoneal
carcinomatosis with systemic chemotherapy: A pooled analysis of north central
cancer treatment group phase III trials N9741 and N9841. J Clin Oncol 30(3):
263-267, 2012.
Franko J, Shi Q, Meyers JP, Maughan TS, Adams RA, Seymour MT, Saltz L,
Punt CJA, Koopman M, Tournigand C, Tebbutt NC, Diaz-Rubio E, Souglakos J,
Falcone A, Chibaudel B, Heinemann V, Moen J, De Gramont A, Sargent DJ,
Grothey A, Analysis and Research in Cancers of the Digestive System G:
93
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastatic colorectal cancer given systemic
therapy: An analysis of individual patient data from prospective randomised
trials from the analysis and research in cancers of the digestive system
(ARCAD) database. Lancet Oncol 17(12): 1709-1719, 2016.
Sugarbaker PH, Ryan DP: Cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic
perioperative chemotherapy to treat peritoneal metastases from colorectal
cancer: Standard of care or an experimental approach? Lancet Oncol 13(8):
e362-369, 2012.
Goere D, Malka D, Tzanis D, Gava V, Boige V, Eveno C, Maggiori L, Dumont
F, Ducreux M, Elias D: Is there a possibility of a cure in patients with colorectal
peritoneal carcinomatosis amenable to complete cytoreductive surgery and
intraperitoneal chemotherapy? Ann Surg 257(6): 1065-1071, 2013.
Verwaal VJ, van Ruth S, de Bree E, van Sloothen GW, van Tinteren H, Boot H,
Zoetmulder FA: Randomized trial of cytoreduction and hyperthermic
intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy and palliative
surgery in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer. J Clin
Oncol 21(20): 3737-3743, 2003.
Verwaal VJ, Bruin S, Boot H, van Slooten G, van Tinteren H: 8-year follow-up
of randomized trial: Cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal
chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy in patients with peritoneal
carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 15(9): 2426-2432, 2008.
Glehen O, Kwiatkowski F, Sugarbaker PH, Elias D, Levine EA, De Simone M,
Barone R, Yonemura Y, Cavaliere F, Quenet F, Gutman M, Tentes AA,
Lorimier G, Bernard JL, Bereder JM, Porcheron J, Gomez-Portilla A, Shen P,
Deraco M, Rat P: Cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative
intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis
from colorectal cancer: A multi-institutional study. J Clin Oncol 22(16): 32843292, 2004.
Elias D, Gilly F, Boutitie F, Quenet F, Bereder JM, Mansvelt B, Lorimier G,
Dube P, Glehen O: Peritoneal colorectal carcinomatosis treated with surgery and
perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Retrospective analysis of 523
patients from a multicentric french study. J Clin Oncol 28(1): 63-68, 2010.
Yan TD, Black D, Savady R, Sugarbaker PH: Systematic review on the efficacy
of cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal
chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal carcinoma. J Clin
Oncol 24(24): 4011-4019, 2006.
94
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Cashin PH, Graf W, Nygren P, Mahteme H: Intraoperative hyperthermic versus
postoperative normothermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colonic peritoneal
carcinomatosis: A case-control study. Ann Oncol 23(3): 647-652, 2012.
Goere D, Souadka A, Faron M, Cloutier AS, Viana B, Honore C, Dumont F,
Elias D: Extent of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis: Attempt to define a
threshold above which HIPEC does not offer survival benefit: A comparative
study. Ann Surg Oncol 22(9): 2958-2964, 2015.
Hashiguchi Y, Muro K, Saito Y, Ito Y, Ajioka Y, Hamaguchi T, Hasegawa K,
Hotta K, Ishida H, Ishiguro M, Ishihara S, Kanemitsu Y, Kinugasa Y, Murofushi
K, Nakajima TE, Oka S, Tanaka T, Taniguchi H, Tsuji A, Uehara K, Ueno H,
Yamanaka T, Yamazaki K, Yoshida M, Yoshino T, Itabashi M, Sakamaki K,
Sano K, Shimada Y, Tanaka S, Uetake H, Yamaguchi S, Yamaguchi N,
Kobayashi H, Matsuda K, Kotake K, Sugihara K, Japanese Society for Cancer
of the C and Rectum: Japanese society for cancer of the colon and rectum
(JSCCR) guidelines 2019 for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol
25(1): 1-42, 2020.
Koga H, Moriya Y, Akasu T, Fujita S: The relationship between prognosis and
CEA-dt after hepatic resection in patients with colorectal carcinomas. Eur J Surg
Oncol 25(3): 292-296, 1999.
Tanaka K, Noura S, Ohue M, Seki Y, Yamada T, Miyashiro I, Ohigashi H, Yano
M, Ishikawa O, Murata K, Kameyama M, Imaoka S: Doubling time of
carcinoembryonic antigen is a significant prognostic factor after the surgical
resection of locally recurrent rectal cancer. Dig Surg 25(4): 319-324, 2008.
Maetani S, Onodera H, Nishikawa T, Morimoto H, Ida K, Kitamura O, Imamura
M: Significance of local recurrence of rectal cancer as a local or disseminated
disease. Br J Surg 85(4): 521-525, 1998.
Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. Japanese classification of
colorectal, appendiceal, and anal carcinoma (9th edn). Tokyo: Kane- hara & Co.,
Ltd, 2018.
Shida D, Yoshida T, Tanabe T, Tsukamoto S, Ochiai H, Kanemitsu Y:
Prognostic impact of R0 resection and targeted therapy for colorectal cancer
with synchronous peritoneal metastasis. Ann Surg Oncol 25(6): 1646-1653,
2018.
Schwartz M: A biomathematical approach to clinical tumor growth. Cancer 14:
1272-1294, 1961.
Miyauchi A, Onishi T, Morimoto S, Takai S, Matsuzuka F, Kuma K, Maeda M,
Kumahara Y: Relation of doubling time of plasma calcitonin levels to prognosis
95
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
and recurrence of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Ann Surg 199(4): 461-466,
1984.
Spratt JS, Jr., Spratt TL: Rates of growth of pulmonary metastases and host
survival. Ann Surg 159(2):161-171, 1964.
Nomura K, Miyagawa S, Harada H, Kitamura H, Seki H, Shimada R, Kobayashi
A, Noike T, Kawasaki S: Relationship between doubling time of liver
metastases from colorectal carcinoma and residual primary cancer. Dig Surg
15(1): 21-24, 1998.
Coccolini F, Gheza F, Lotti M, Virzi S, Iusco D, Ghermandi C, Melotti R,
Baiocchi G, Giulini SM, Ansaloni L, Catena F: Peritoneal carcinomatosis.
World J Gastroenterol 19(41): 6979-6994, 2013.
Sodek KL, Murphy KJ, Brown TJ, Ringuette MJ: Cell-cell and cell-matrix
dynamics in intraperitoneal cancer metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 31(1-2):
397-414, 2012.
de Bree E, Koops W, Kroger R, van Ruth S, Witkamp AJ, Zoetmulder FA:
Peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal or appendiceal origin: Correlation of
preoperative CT with intraoperative findings and evaluation of interobserver
agreement. J Surg Oncol 86(2): 64-73, 2004.
Jacquet P, Jelinek JS, Steves MA, Sugarbaker PH: Evaluation of computed
tomography in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer 72(5): 16311636, 1993.
Esquivel J, Sticca R, Sugarbaker P, Levine E, Yan TD, Alexander R, Baratti D,
Bartlett D, Barone R, Barrios P, Bieligk S, Bretcha-Boix P, Chang CK, Chu F,
Chu Q, Daniel S, de Bree E, Deraco M, Dominguez-Parra L, Elias D, Flynn R,
Foster J, Garofalo A, Gilly FN, Glehen O, Gomez-Portilla A, Gonzalez-Bayon
L, Gonzalez-Moreno S, Goodman M, Gushchin V, Hanna N, Hartmann J,
Harrison L, Hoefer R, Kane J, Kecmanovic D, Kelley S, Kuhn J, Lamont J,
Lange J, Li B, Loggie B, Mahteme H, Mann G, Martin R, Misih RA, Moran B,
Morris D, Onate-Ocana L, Petrelli N, Philippe G, Pingpank J, Pitroff A, Piso P,
Quinones M, Riley L, Rutstein L, Saha S, Alrawi S, Sardi A, Schneebaum S,
Shen P, Shibata D, Spellman J, Stojadinovic A, Stewart J, Torres-Melero J,
Tuttle T, Verwaal V, Villar J, Wilkinson N, Younan R, Zeh H, Zoetmulder F,
Sebbag G, Society of Surgical Oncology Annual Meeting: Cytoreductive
surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the management of
peritoneal surface malignancies of colonic origin: A consensus statement.
Society of surgical oncology. Ann Surg Oncol 14(1): 128-133, 2007.
96
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
Pasqual EM, Bertozzi S, Bacchetti S, Londero AP, Basso SM, Santeufemia DA,
Lo Re G, Lumachi F: Preoperative assessment of peritoneal carcinomatosis in
patients undergoing hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy following
cytoreductive surgery. Anticancer Res 34(5): 2363-2368, 2014.
Marin D, Catalano C, Baski M, Di Martino M, Geiger D, Di Giorgio A, Sibio S,
Passariello R: 64-section multi-detector row CT in the preoperative diagnosis of
peritoneal carcinomatosis: Correlation with histopathological findings. Abdom
Imaging 35(6): 694-700, 2010.
Takakura Y, Miyata Y, Okajima M, Okada M, Ohdan H: Short disease-free
interval is a significant risk factor for intrapulmonary recurrence after resection
of pulmonary metastases in colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 12(7 Online): e6875, 2010.
Abdalla EK, Vauthey JN, Ellis LM, Ellis V, Pollock R, Broglio KR, Hess K,
Curley SA: Recurrence and outcomes following hepatic resection,
radiofrequency ablation, and combined resection/ablation for colorectal liver
metastases. Ann Surg 239(6): 818-825; discussion 825-817, 2004.
Shah SA, Haddad R, Al-Sukhni W, Kim RD, Greig PD, Grant DR, Taylor BR,
Langer B, Gallinger S, Wei AC: Surgical resection of hepatic and pulmonary
metastases from colorectal carcinoma. J Am Coll Surg 202(3): 468-475, 2006.
Ike H, Shimada H, Ohki S, Togo S, Yamaguchi S, Ichikawa Y: Results of
aggressive resection of lung metastases from colorectal carcinoma detected by
intensive follow-up. Dis Colon Rectum 45(4): 468-473; discussion 473-465,
2002.
Shida D, Tsukamoto S, Ochiai H, Kanemitsu Y: Long-term outcomes after R0
resection of synchronous peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer without
cytoreductive surgery or hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Ann Surg
Oncol 25(1): 173-178, 2018.
Nagata H, Ishihara S, Hata K, Murono K, Kaneko M, Yasuda K, Otani K,
Nishikawa T, Tanaka T, Kiyomatsu T, Kawai K, Nozawa H, Watanabe T:
Survival and prognostic factors for metachronous peritoneal metastasis in
patients with colon cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 24(5): 1269-1280, 2017.
Miyake H, Murono K, Nagata H, Nozawa H, Kawai K, Hata K, Tanaka T,
Nishikawa T, Shuno Y, Sasaki K, Ishihara S: Prognostic significance of
doubling time in patients undergoing radical surgery for metachronous
peritoneal metastases of colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 34(5): 801-809,
2019.
97
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
Jeffery GM, Hickey BE, Hider P: Follow-up strategies for patients treated for
non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1): CD002200,
2002.
Figueredo A, Rumble RB, Maroun J, Earle CC, Cummings B, McLeod R,
Zuraw L, Zwaal C, Gastrointestinal Cancer Disease Site Group of Cancer Care
Ontario's Program in Evidence-based Care: Follow-up of patients with
curatively resected colorectal cancer: A practice guideline. BMC Cancer 3: 26,
2003.
Tjandra JJ, Chan MK: Follow-up after curative resection of colorectal cancer: A
meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 50(11): 1783-1799, 2007.
Renehan AG, Egger M, Saunders MP, O'Dwyer ST: Impact on survival of
intensive follow up after curative resection for colorectal cancer: Systematic
review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 324(7341): 813, 2002.
Wille-Jorgensen P, Syk I, Smedh K, Laurberg S, Nielsen DT, Petersen SH,
Renehan AG, Horvath-Puho E, Pahlman L, Sorensen HT, COLOFOL Study
Group: Effect of more vs less frequent follow-up testing on overall and
colorectal cancer-specific mortality in patients with stage II or III colorectal
cancer: The COLOFOL randomized clinical trial. JAMA 319(20): 2095-2103,
2018.
Jeffery M, Hickey BE, Hider PN, See AM: Follow-up strategies for patients
treated for non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev
11(11): CD002200, 2016.
Primrose JN, Perera R, Gray A, Rose P, Fuller A, Corkhill A, George S, Mant
D, Investigators FT: Effect of 3 to 5 years of scheduled cea and ct follow-up to
detect recurrence of colorectal cancer: The FACS randomized clinical trial.
JAMA 311(3): 263-270, 2014.
Mant D, Gray A, Pugh S, Campbell H, George S, Fuller A, Shinkins B, Corkhill
A, Mellor J, Dixon E, Little L, Perera-Salazar R, Primrose J: A randomised
controlled trial to assess the cost-effectiveness of intensive versus no scheduled
follow-up in patients who have undergone resection for colorectal cancer with
curative intent. Health Technol Assess 21(32): 1-86, 2017.
Rosati G, Ambrosini G, Barni S, Andreoni B, Corradini G, Luchena G, Daniele
B, Gaion F, Oliverio G, Duro M, Martignoni G, Pinna N, Sozzi P, Pancera G,
Solina G, Pavia G, Pignata S, Johnson F, Labianca R, Apolone G, Zaniboni A,
Monteforte M, Negri E, Torri V, Mosconi P, Fossati R, GILDA working group:
A randomized trial of intensive versus minimal surveillance of patients with
resected dukes B2-C colorectal carcinoma. Ann Oncol 27(2): 274-280, 2016.
98
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
Cucchetti A, Russolillo N, Johnson P, Tarchi P, Ferrero A, Cucchi M, Serenari
M, Ravaioli M, de Manzini N, Cescon M, Ercolani G: Impact of primary cancer
features on behaviour of colorectal liver metastases and survival after
hepatectomy. BJS Open 3(2): 186-194, 2019.
Hermanek P, Hutter RV, Sobin LH, Wittekind C: International union against
cancer. Classification of isolated tumor cells and micrometastasis. Cancer
86(12): 2668-2673, 1999.
Mohajeri G, Hejab K, Sheikhbahaei S, Mohajeri M, Niknam N, Mohammadi A:
Micrometastasis in colorectal cancer: Does it affect staging? ANZ J Surg 88(4):
E237-E241, 2018.
Alsaggar M, Yao Q, Cai H, Liu D: Differential growth and responsiveness to
cancer therapy of tumor cells in different environments. Clin Exp Metastasis
33(2): 115-124, 2016.
Algire GH, Legallais FY, Anderson BF: Vascular reactions of normal and
malignant tissues in vivo. Vi. The role of hypotension in the action of
components of podophyllin on transplanted sarcomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 14(4):
879-893, 1954.
Folkman J: Tumor angiogenesis: Therapeutic implications. N Engl J Med
285(21): 1182-1186, 1971.
Liotta LA, Kohn EC: The microenvironment of the tumour-host interface.
Nature 411(6835): 375-379, 2001.
Tempero MA, Williams CA, Anderson JC: The value of hepatic ultrasound and
biochemical liver tests in screening for liver metastases. J Clin Oncol 4(7):
1074-1078, 1986.
Schneider J, Koullouros M, Mackay C, Ramsay G, Parnaby C, Stevenson L: Is
liver ultrasound useful as part of the surveillance strategy following potentially
curative colorectal cancer resection? Dig Dis 37(3): 234-238, 2019.
Floriani I, Torri V, Rulli E, Garavaglia D, Compagnoni A, Salvolini L,
Giovagnoni A: Performance of imaging modalities in diagnosis of liver
metastases from colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J
Magn Reson Imaging 31(1): 19-31, 2010.
Seo SI, Lim SB, Yoon YS, Kim CW, Yu CS, Kim TW, Kim JH, Kim JC:
Comparison of recurrence patterns between </=5 years and >5 years after
curative operations in colorectal cancer patients. J Surg Oncol 108(1): 9-13,
2013.
Wicherts DA, Miller R, de Haas RJ, Bitsakou G, Vibert E, Veilhan LA, Azoulay
D, Bismuth H, Castaing D, Adam R: Long-term results of two-stage
99
76.
77.
78.
79.
hepatectomy for irresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases. Ann Surg
248(6): 994-1005, 2008.
Dorr NM, Bartels M, Morgul MH: Current treatment of colorectal liver
metastasis as a chronic disease. Anticancer Res 40(1): 1-7, 2020.
National Comprehensive Cancer Network: NCCN clinical practice guidelines in
oncology-colon cancer, version 2. 2019:
https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/colon.pdf. Accessed Dec
13, 2019.
Steele SR, Chang GJ, Hendren S, Weiser M, Irani J, Buie WD, Rafferty JF,
Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Society of Colon and
Rectal Surgeons: Practice guideline for the surveillance of patients after curative
treatment of colon and rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 58(8): 713-725, 2015.
Labianca R, Nordlinger B, Beretta GD, Mosconi S, Mandala M, Cervantes A,
Arnold D, ESMO Guidelines Working Group: Early colon cancer: Esmo clinical
practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 24 Suppl
6: vi64-72, 2013.
100
...