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Constraint on Annihilating Dark Matter with Stacking of Local Faint Objects

橋本, 大輝 名古屋大学

2022.06.02

概要

ダークマターはその存在の発見から数十年を経た現在もなお正体が判明していない。ダークマターの有力な候補の 1 つは、対消滅を起こしγ線を放出することが期待されるため、近年宇宙γ線の観測を用いた間接的な探査が行われてきた。そのような研究では、銀河系や近傍の銀河、銀河団などに含まれるダークマター対消滅に由来するγ線量の予測と観測されたγ線量とを組み合わせることで、対消滅断面積を制限している。その断面積が、現在のダークマターの存在量を説明するために要求される対消滅断面積を下回る場合、そのダークマターモデルをダークマターの候補から除外することできる。よって、対消滅断面積を厳しく制限することでダークマターモデルを制限できる。

本研究では、低表面輝度銀河（LSBG）を用いて、対消滅断面積の制限する研究を行った。LSBGを用いる利点は、系統誤差が比較的少ない解析が可能だからである。これは LSBG が統計的に星形成活動の穏やかな天体であり、その活動に付随する高エネルギーのγ線が生じにくいためである。また、LSBG の視直径が 1 分角以下であり、γ線点源として扱えることも系統誤差が少ない理由である。また、将来的に膨大な数の LSBG が発見されると期待できることも挙げられる。これにより、大統計量による対消滅シグナルの探査が可能となる。

しかし、解析のγ線量の定量化に天体までの距離が必要な一方、ほとんどの LSBG が赤方偏移未測定であるという課題がある。この点を解決するために、本研究では赤方偏移クラスタリング法を使って各天体の距離情報を補うことを試みた。赤方偏移クラスタリング法は、赤方偏移が既知の天体サンプルと未知のサンプルとの間の 2 点角度相関を測定することによって、赤方偏移未測定のサンプル全体の赤方偏移分布を推定する手法である。この手法を用いて、LSBG サンプル全体の距離分布を見積もり、天体ごとにその分布に従った距離をランダムに付与することで、各サンプルに距離情報を与える。

DES のデータから得られた〜24000 個の LSBG サンプルに対して、この手法を実行し、フェルミγ線望遠鏡のデータを用いることによって、対消滅断面積に 95％の信頼度で〜3×10-25cm3/s（ダークマター質量 100 GeV）の上限値を与えた。ランダムな距離の付与による各天体のγ線量のばらつきやハロー質量及び質量分布の不定性を含めた統計誤差は 0.2dex であった。

本研究では、赤方偏移未測定の大規模 LSBG サンプルに対し、赤方偏移クラスタリング法によって測定した距離分布を用いて、各 LSBG のダークマター対消滅によるγ線量をモデリングした。これに宇宙γ線データを組み合わせて尤度解析を行うことでダークマター対消滅断面積に上限値を与えた。天体サンプルの統計量が十分に多ければ、各天体の距離は必要とせず、全体の距離分布を使用することで、断面積の制限を十分有効に行えることを示した。

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