Al-Jamal, R., and Ludwig, M.S. (2001). Changes in proteoglycans and lung tissue mechanics during excessive mechanical ventilation in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Lung. Cell. Mol. Physiol. 281 , L1078-1087.
Amato, M.B., Meade, M.O., Slutsky, A.S., Brochard, L., Costa, E.L., Schoenfeld, D.A., Stewart, T. E., Briel, M., Talmor, D., Mercat, A. , et al. (2015). Drivi ng pressure and survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 372 , 747-755.
Barr, J., Fraser, G.L., Puntillo, K., Ely, E. W., Gelinas, C., Dasta, J. F., Davidson, J.E., Devlin, J. W., Kress, J. P., Joffe, A.M. , et al. (2013). Cl inical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Crit. Care. Med. 41 , 263- 306.
Bellani, G., Guerra, L., Musch, G., Zanella, A., Patroniti, N., Mauri, T., Messa, C., and Pesenti, A. (2011). Lung regional metabolic activity and gas volu me changes induced by tidal ventilation in patients with acute lung injury. Am . J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 183 , 11 93-1199.
Bellani, G., Laffey, J.G., Pham, T., Fan, E., Brochard, L., Esteban, A., Gattinoni, L., van Haren, F., Larsson, A., McAule y, D. F. , et al. (2016). Epidemiolog y, Patterns of Care, and Mor tality for Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndro me in Intensive Care Units in 50 Countries. JAM A 315 , 788-800.
Bellani, G., Messa, C., Guerra, L., Spagnolli, E., Foti, G., Patroniti, N., Fumagalli, R., Musch, G., Fazio, F., and Pesenti, A. (2009). Lung s of patients with acute respirator y distress syndrome show diffuse inflammation in normally aerated regions: a [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET/CT study. Crit. Care. Med. 37 , 2216-2222.
Belperio, J.A., Keane, M. P., Burdick, M.D., Londhe, V., Xue, Y. Y., Li, K., Phillips, R.J., and Strieter, R.M. (2002). Critical role for CXCR2 and CXCR2 ligands during the pathogenesis of ventilator-induced lung injury. J. Cli n. Invest. 110 , 1703-1716.
Beyea, S.C. (2007) . The Protecting 5 Million Lives from Harm campaign. AORN. J. 85 , 961-964.
Bianchi, A.M., Reboredo, M.M. , Lucinda, L.M., Reis, F. F., Silva, M. V., Rabelo, M.A., Holanda, M.A., Oliveira, J.C., Lorente, J.A., and Pinheiro Bdo, V. (2016). The Effects of Prone Position Ventilation on Experimental M ild Acute Lung Injury Induced b y Intraperitoneal Lipop o ly saccharide Injection in Rats. Lung 194 , 193-199.
Broche, L., Perchiazzi, G., Porra, L., Tannoia, A., Pellegrini, M., Derosa, S., Sindaco, A., Batista Borges, J., Degrugilliers, L., Larsson, A. , et al. (2017). Dynamic Mechanic al Interactions Between Neighboring Airspaces Determine Cyc lic O pening and Cl osure in Inj ured L ung. Crit. Care. M ed. 45 , 687- 694.
Borges, J.B., Costa, E.L., Suarez-Sipmann, F., Widstrom, C. , Larsson, A., Amato, M., and Hedenstierna, G. (2014). Early inflammation mainly affects no rmally and po o rly aerated lung in experimental ventilator- induced lung injury. Crit. Care. M ed. 42 , e 279- 287.
Boyer, A. F., Schoenberg, N., Babcock, H., McMullen, K. M., Micek, S. T., and Kollef, M.H. (2015). A prospective evaluation of ventilator- associated cond i tions and infectio n- related ventilato r- assoc iated conditions . Chest 147 , 68- 81.
Broccard, A., Shapiro, R.S., Schmitz, L.L., Adams, A.B., Nahum, A., and Marini, J.J. (2000). Prone positio ning attenuates and redistributes ve ntilator- induced lung injury in dogs. Crit. Care. Med. 28 , 295-303.
Brocca rd, A. F., Shapiro, R.S., Schmitz, L.L., Ravenscraft, S.A., and Marini, J.J. (1997). Influence o f prone position on the extent and distribution of lung injury in a high tidal vol ume oleic acid model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit. Care. Med. 25 , 16-27.
Cassidy, M.R., Rosenkranz, P., McCabe, K., Rosen, J.E., and McAnen y, D. ( 2013). I COUGH: reducing postoperative pulmonary complications with a multidisciplinary patient care program. JAMA. Surg. 148 , 740-7 4 5.
Chan, M.C., Hsu, J. Y., Liu, H.H., Lee, Y. L., Pong, S.C., Chang, L. Y., Kuo, B.I., and Wu, C.L. (2007). Effects of prone position on inflammatory markers in patients with ARD S due to community-ac quired pneumonia. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 106 , 708- 716.
Chang, J., Xia, Y., Wasserloos, K., Deng, M., Blose, K.J., Vo rp, D.A., Turnquist, H.R., Billiar, T. R. , Pitt, B.A., Zhang, M.Z. , et al. (2017). Cyclic stretch induced IL-33 production through HMGB1/T LR- 4 signaling pathway in murine respiratory epithelial cells. PLoS One 12 , e0184770.
Copl and, I.B., and Post, M. (2007). Stretch-activated signaling pathways responsible for early response ge ne expression in fetal lung epithelial cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 210 , 133- 143.
Cornejo, R.A., D iaz, J. C. , To bar, E.A., Bruhn, A. R., Ramo s, C.A. , Gonzalez, R.A., Repetto, C.A., Romero, C.M., Galvez, L.R., Llanos, O. , et al. ( 2013). Effects of prone po sitioning on lung protection in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 188 , 440- 448.
Costa, E.L., Musch, G., Winkler, T., Schroeder, T., Harris, R.S., Jones, H.A., Venegas, J.G., and Vidal Melo, M. F. (2010). Mild endotoxemia during mech anical ventilation produces spatially heterogeneous pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation in sheep. Anesthesio logy 112 , 658-669.
de Prost, N., Costa, E.L., Wellman, T., Musch, G., Tucci, M.R., Winkler, T. , Harris, R., Venegas, J.G., Kavanagh, B. P., and Vidal Melo, M. F. (2013). Ef fects of ventilation strategy on distribution of lung inflammatory cell activity. Crit. Care. 17 , R175. Cressoni, M., Chiurazzi, C., Go tti, M., Amini, M., Brioni, M., Algieri, I., Cammaroto, A., Rovati, C., Massari, D., di Castiglione, C. B. , et al. (2015). Lung inhomo ge neities and time course of ventilator- induced mechanical injuries. Anesthesiology 123 , 618-627.
de Prost, N., Tucci, M.R., and Melo, M. F. (2010). Assessment of lung inflammation with 18 F- FDG PET during acute lung injury. AJR. Am . J. Roe ntgenol. 195 , 2 9 2-30 0.
de Prost, N., Costa, E.L., Wellman, T., Musch, G., Tucci, M.R., Winkler, T. , Harris, R., Venegas, J.G., Kavanagh, B. P., and Vidal Melo, M. F. (2013). Ef fects of ventilation strategy on distribution of lung inflammatory cell activity. Crit. Care. 17 , R175.
de Prost, N., Costa, E.L., Wellman, T., Musch, G., Winkler, T., Tucci, M.R., Harris, R.S., Venegas, J.G., and Vidal Melo, M. F. (2011). Ef fects of surfactant depletio n on regional pulmonary metabo l i c ac tivity during mec hanical ventilation. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 111 , 1249-1258.
de Prost, N., Feng, Y., Wellman, T., Tucci, M.R., Costa, E.L., Musch, G., Winkler, T., Harris, R.S., Venegas, J.G., Chao, W. , et al. (2014). 18F-FDG kinetics parameters depend on the mechanism of injury in early experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome. J. Nucl. Med. 55 , 1871-1877.
Devlin, J. W., Skrobik, Y., Gelinas, C., Needham, D.M., Slooter, A.J.C., Pandharipande, P. P., Watson, P. L., Weinhouse, G.L., Nunnally, M.E., Rochwe rg, B. , et al. (2018) . Cli nical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU. Crit. Care. Med. 46 , e825-e873.
Fan, Y., Gao, F. , Wu, Y., Zhang, J., Zhu, M., and Xiong, L. (2016). Does ve ntilator- associated event surveillance detect ventilato r- assoc iated pneumonia in intensive c are units? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit. Care. 20 , 338.
Fang, W. F., Fang, Y. T., Huang, C.H., Chen, Y. M., Chang, Y. C., Lin, C. Y., Hung, K. Y., Chang, Y. T., Chen, H.C., Huang, K. T. , et al. (2020). Risk factors and associated outcome s of ventilato r- assoc iated events developed in 28 days among sepsis patients admitted to intensive care unit. Sci. Rep . 10 , 12702.
Folkesson, H.G., Matthay, M.A ., Hebert, C.A., and Broaddus, V. C. ( 1995). Aci d aspiration-induced lung injury in rabbits is mediated by interleukin-8- dependent mechanisms. J. Clin. Invest. 96 , 107- 116.
Force, A.D. T., Ranieri, V. M., Rubenfeld, G.D., Thompson, B. T., Ferguson, N.D., Caldwell, E., Fan, E., Camporota, L., and Slutsky, A.S. (2012). Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition. JAMA 307 , 2526-2533.
Galiatsou, E., Kostanti, E., Svarna, E., Kitsakos, A., Koulouras, V., Efremidis, S.C., and Nakos, G. (2006). Prone position augments recruitment and prevents alveolar overi nfl ation in acute lung injury. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 174 , 187-197.
Gattinoni, L., Marini, J.J., Pesenti, A., Quintel, M., Mance bo , J., and Broch ard, L. (2016). The "baby lung" becam e an adult. Intensive. Care. Med. 42 , 663-673.
Gattinoni, L., and Pesenti, A. (2005). The conce pt of "bab y lung". Intensive. Care. Med. 31 , 776- 784.
Gattinoni, L., Pesenti, A., Avalli, L., Rossi, F., and Bombino, M. (1987). Pressure-volume c urve of total respirator y system in acute respiratory failure. Computed tomogr aphic scan study. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 136 , 730-736.
Gattinoni, L., Quintel, M., and Marini, J. J. (2018a) . Vo lutrauma and atelectrauma: which is worse? Crit. Care. 22 , 264.
Gattinoni, L., To netti, T., and Quintel, M. (2017). Regional physiology of ARDS. Crit. Care. 21 , 312.
Gattinoni, L., To netti, T., and Quintel, M. (2018b). Intensive care medicine in 2050: ventilator- induced lung injury. Intensiv e. Care. Med. 44 , 76-78.
Grazioli, S., Dunn-Siegrist, I., Pauchard, L.A., Blot, M., Charles, P. E., and Pugin, J. (2019). Mito chondrial alarmins are tissue mediators of ventilator-induced lung injury and ARDS. PLoS One 14 , e0225468.
Grommes, J., and Soehnlein, O. (2011). Contribution of neutrophils to acute lung injury. Mol. Med. 17 , 293-307.
Guldner, A., Braune, A. , Ball, L., Silva, P. L., Samary, C., Insorsi, A., Huhle, R., Rentzsch, I., Becker, C., Oehme, L. , et al. (2016). Comp arative Effects of Vo lutrauma and Atel ectrauma on Lung Inflammation in Experimental Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Crit. Care. Med. 44 , e854- 865.
Halpern, S.D., Becker, D., Curtis, J.R., Fowler, R., Hyzy, R., Kaplan, L.J., Rawat, N., Sessler, C.N., Wunsch, H., Kahn, J.M. , et al. (2014). An o fficial Americ an Thor acic Societ y/ Americ an Association of Critical- Care Nurses/American Coll ege of Chest Physicians/Societ y of Critical Care Medicine polic y statement: the Choos ing Wisely( R) To p 5 list in Critical Care Medicine. Am . J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 190 , 818-826.
Han, S., and Mallampalli, R.K. (2015). The acute respiratory distress syndrome: from mechanism to translation. J. Immunol. 194 , 855-860.
Harvey, M.A., and Davidson, J.E. (2016). Postintensive Care Syndrome: Right Care, Right Now...and Later. Crit. Care. Med. 44 , 381- 385.
He, Q., Wang, W., Zhu, S., Wang, M., K ang, Y., Zhang, R., Zou, K., Zong, Z., and Sun, X. (2021). The epidemiology and clinic al outcom es of ventilator-associ ated events among 20,769 mechanic ally ve ntilated patients at intensive c are units: an observ ational study. Crit. Care. 25 , 44.
Henderson, W. R., Chen, L., Am ato, M.B. P., and Broch ard, L.J. (2017). Fifty Years of Research in ARDS. Re spiratory Mechanics in Acute Res piratory Distress Syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 196 , 822-833.
Hernandez, L.A., Coker, P. J., May, S., Thompson, A.L., and Parker, J.C. (1990). Mechanical ventilation increases microvascular permeability in oleic ac id-injured lungs. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 69 , 2057-2061.
Huh, D., Matthews, B.D., Mammoto, A., Montoya-Zavala, M., Hsin, H. Y., and Ingber, D.E. (2010). Rec o nstituting or gan- level lung functions on a chip. Science 328 , 1662-1668.
Jones, H.A., Clark, R.J., Rh odes, C.G., Schofield, J.B., Krausz, T., and Haslett, C. (1994). In vi vo measurement of neutrophil activity in experimental lung inflammation. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 149 , 1635-1639.
Jones, H.A., Sriskandan, S., Peters, A.M., Pride, N.B., Krausz, T., Boo bis, A.R., and Haslett, C. (199 7). Dissociation of neutrophil emigration and metabolic activity in lobar pneumonia and bronc hiectasis. Eur. Respir. J. 10 , 795- 803.
Khazaei, S., Ayubi, E., Jenabi, E., Bashirian, S., Shojaeian, M., and Tapak, L. (2020). Factors associated with in- hospital death in patients wi th nosoc o mial infections: a registry -based study using co mmunity data in we stern Iran. Epidemiol. Health. 42 , e 2020037.
Kira, S., Mori, M., Takatani, J., Uchino, T., Yasuda, N., Miyak awa, H., and No guchi, T. (2006). Effects of high peak airway pressure on the expression of heat shock protein 70 in rat lungs: a preliminary study. Acta. Anaesthesiol. Scand. 50 , 469- 474.
Klein Klouwenberg, P. M., van Mourik, M.S., Ong, D.S., Horn, J. , Schultz, M.J., Cremer, O.L., Bonten, M.J., and Consor tium, M. (2014). Electronic implementation of a novel surveillance paradigm for ve ntilator- associated events. Feasibility and validation. Am . J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 189 , 947-955.
Klompas, M., Khan, Y., Kleinman, K., Evans, R.S., Lloyd, J. F., Stevenson, K., Samore, M., Platt, R., and Program, C.D. C. P.E. (2011). Multicenter evaluation of a novel surveillance paradigm for co mplications of mechanical ventilation. PLoS One 6 , e18062.
Klompas, M., Magill, S., Robicsek, A., Strymish, J.M., Kleinman, K., Evans, R.S., Lloyd, J. F., Khan, Y., Yo koe, D.S., Stevenso n, K. , et al. (2012). Objective surveillance definitions for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit. Care. Med. 40 , 3154-3161.
Klompas, M., Anderson, D., Tric k, W., Babcock, H., Kerlin, M. P., Li, L., Sinkowitz-Cochran, R., Ely, E. W., Jernigan, J., Magill, S. , et al. (2015) . The preve ntability of ventilator- associated events. The CDC Prevention Epicenters Wake Up and Breathe Col laborative. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. M ed. 191 , 292-301.
Klompas, M., Kleinman, K., and Murphy, M. V. (2014). Descriptive epidemiolo gy and attributable morbidity of ventilato r- assoc iated events. Infec t . Control. Hosp. Epidemiol. 35 , 502-510.
Kotani, M., Kotani, T., Ishizaka, A., Fujishima, S., Koh, H., Tasaka, S., Sawafuji, M., Ikeda, E., Moriyama, K., Kotake, Y. , et al. ( 2004). Neutrophil depletion attenuates interleukin-8 production in mild-over stretch ventilated normal rabbit lung. Crit. Care. Med. 32 , 514- 519.
Lewis, S.C., Li, L., Murphy, M. V., Klompas, M., and Epicenters, C.D.C. P. (2014). Ri sk factors for ventilator- associated events: a case-control multivariable analysis. Crit. Care. Med. 42 , 1839-18 48.
Lill y, C. M., Landry, K.E., Soo d, R.N., Dunnington, C.H., Ellison, R. T., 3rd, Bagley, P. H., Baker, S. P., Cod y, S., Irwin, R.S. , Group, U.M.M.C.C.O. , et al. (2014). Prevalence and test characteristics of national health safety network ventilato r- assoc iated events. Crit. Care. Med. 42 , 20 19-2028 .
Lim, S. C., and Kim, Y. I. (2004). The role of the lac tate dehydrogenase and the effect of prone position during ventilato r- induc ed lung injury. J. Korean. Med. Sci. 19 , 223- 228.
Liu, J., Zhang, S., Chen, J., Mao, Y., Shao, X., Li, Y., Cao, J., Zheng, W., Zhang, B., and Zo ng, Z. (2019). Risk factors for ventilator- associated events: A prospective c o hort study. Am. J. Infect. Control. 47 , 744-749.
Magill, S.S., Klompas, M., Balk, R., Burns, S.M., Deutschman, C.S., Diekema, D., Fridkin, S., Greene, L., Guh, A., Gutterman, D. , et al. (2013). Deve lop ing a new, national approach to surveillance for ventilator-associ ated events: exec utiv e summary. Chest 144 , 1448-1452.
Marini, J.J., and Gattinoni, L. (2008). Propagation prevention: a complementary mec hanism for "lun g protective" ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit. Care. Med. 36 , 3252- 3258.
Marini, J.J., and Gattinoni, L. (2020) . Time Course of Evol ving Ventilator- Induced Lung Injury: The "Shrinking Baby Lung". Crit. Care. Med. 48 , 1203-1209.
Matsuyama, H., Amaya, F., Hashimoto, S., Ueno, H., Beppu, S., Mizuta, M., Shime, N., Ishizaka, A., and Hashimoto, S. (2008). Acute lung inf lammation and ventilator- induced lung injury caused by AT P via the P 2 Y rece pto rs: an experimental study. Respir. Res. 9 , 79.
Mead, J., Takishima, T., and Leith, D. (1970). Stress distribution in lungs: a model of pulmonary elasticity. J. Appl. Physiol. 28 , 596-608.
Meagher, A.D., Lind, M., Senekjian, L., Iwuchukwu, C., Ly nch, J.B., Cuschieri, J., and Robi nson, B.R.H. (2019) . Ventilator-assoc iated events, not ventilator- associated pneumo nia, is associated with higher mortality in trauma patients. J. Trauma. Acute. Care. Surg. 87 , 307-314.
Mentzelopoulos, S.D., Roussos, C., and Zakynthinos, S.G. (2005). Prone po sition reduces lung stress and strain in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Eur. Respir. J. 25 , 534- 544.
Mezidi, M., and Guerin, C. (2018). Effects of patient positioning on respiratory mechanics in mechanicall y ventilated ICU patients. Ann. Transl. M ed. 6 , 384.
Motta-Ribeiro, G . C., Hashimoto, S., Winkler, T., Baron, R.M., Grogg, K., Paula, L., Santos, A., Zeng, C., Hibbert, K., Harris, R.S. , et al. (2018). Deterioratio n of Regional Lung Strain and Inflammation during Early L ung Inj ury. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 198 , 891-902.
Musch, G. (2011). Positron emission tomo graphy: a tool for better understanding of ventilator-induced and acute lung injury. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care. 17 , 7-12.
Muscedere, J., Sinuff, T., Heyland, D.K., Dodek, P. M., Keenan, S. P., Wood, G., Jiang, X., Day, A.G., Laporta, D., Klompas , M. , et al. (2013). The cl inical impact and preventability of ventilator-associ ated c o nditio ns in critically ill patients who are mechanically ventilated. Chest 144 , 1453-1460.
Musch, G., Venegas, J.G., Bellani, G., Winkler, T. , Schroeder, T., Petersen, B., Harris, R.S., and Melo, M. F. (2007). Re gio nal gas ex change and c ellular metabolic activity in ventilato r- induc ed lung injury. Anesthesiology 106 , 723-735.
Mutoh, T., Guest, R.J., Lamm, W. J., and Albert, R.K. (1992). Prone po sition alters the effe c t of vol ume overload on regional pleural pressures and improves hypoxemia in pigs in vivo. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 146 , 300-306.
Nakahashi, S., Imai, H., Imanaka, H., Ohshimo, S., Satou, T., Shima, M., Yanagisawa, M., Yamashita, C., Ogura, T., Yamada, T. , et al. (2018). Ventilator-associ ated ev ents: prevalence and mortality in Japan. J. Thorac. D is. 10 , 6942- 6949.
Nakahashi, S., Imai, H., Shimojo, N., Magata, Y., Einama, T., Hayakawa, M., Wada, T., Mo rimoto, Y., and Gando, S. (2021). Effect s of The Prone Pos ition on Regi onal Neutrophilic Lung Inflammation According To 18F-FDG PET In An Experimental Ventilator- Induced Lung Injury Mo del. Shock.
Nakahashi, S., Yamada, T., Ogura, T., Nakajima, K., Suzuki, K., and Imai, H. (2016). Association of Patient Care with Ventilator-Assoc iated Conditions in Critically Ill Patients: Risk Factor Analysis. PLoS One 11 , e0153060.
Nakos, G., Batistatou, A., Galiatsou, E., Konstanti, E., Koulouras, V., Kanavaros, P., Doulis, A., Kitsakos, A., Karachaliou, A., Lekka, M.E. , et al. (2006). Lung and 'end organ' injury due to mechanic al ventilation in animals: comparison between the prone and supine pos itions. Crit. Care. 10 , R38.
Nishimura, M., Honda, O., To miyama, N., Johkoh, T., Kagaw a, K., and Nishida, T. (2000). Body position does not influence the location of ventilator- induced lung injury. Intensiv e. Care. Med. 26 , 1664-1669.
Ogawa, E.N., Ishizaka, A., Tasaka, S., Koh, H., Ueno, H., Amaya, F., Ebina, M., Yamada, S., Funakoshi, Y., Soejima, J. , et al. (2006). Contribution of high-mobili ty group bo x- 1 to the development of ventilator- induced lung injury. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 174 , 400-407.
Papazian, L., Gainnier, M., Marin, V., Donati, S., Arnal, J.M., Demory, D., Roch, A., Forel, J.M., Bongrand, P., Bregeo n, F. , et al. (2005). Com parison of prone positioning and high-frequency osci llatory ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit. Care. Med. 33 , 2162-2171.
Park, B.H., Shin, M.H., Douglas, I.S., Chung, K.S., Song, J.H. , Kim, S. Y., Kim, E. Y., Jung, J. Y., Kang, Y. A., Chang, J. , et al. ( 2 018). Erythropoi etin- Producing Hepatoma Rece ptor Tyrosine Kinase A2 Mod ulation Associat es with Protective Effect of Prone Position in Ventilator- induced Lung Injury. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 58 , 519-52 9.
Park, M.S., He, Q., Edwards, M.G., Sergew, A., Riches, D. W., Albert, R.K., and Douglas, I.S. (2012). Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 mo dulates regional effects of injurious mechanical ventilation in rodent lungs. Am . J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 186 , 72-81.
Patlak, C.S., Blasberg, R.G., and Fenstermacher, J.D. (1983). Graphical evaluation of blood- to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data. J. Cereb. Blood. Flow. Metab. 3 , 1-7.
Paula, L. F., Wellman, T. J., Winkler, T., Spieth, P. M., Guldner, A., Venegas, J.G., Gama de Abreu, M., Carvalho, A.R., and Vidal Melo, M. F. (2016). Regional t idal lung strain in mechanically ventilated normal lungs. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 121 , 1335-1347.
Pelosi, P., D'Andrea, L., Vitale, G., Pesenti, A., and Gattinoni, L. (1994). Vertical gradient of regio nal lung inflation in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 149 , 8- 13.
Pelosi, P., and Rocco, P. R. ( 2008). Effe cts of mechanic al ventilation on the extracellular matrix. Intensive. Care. Med. 34 , 631- 639.
Plataki, M., and Hubmayr, R.D. (2010). The physical b asis of ventilator-i nduced lung injury. Expert. Rev. Re spir. Med. 4 , 373-385.
Rello, J., Ramirez-Estrada, S., Romero, A., Arvaniti, K., Koulenti, D., Nseir, S., Oztoprak, N., Bouadma, L., Vidaur, L., Lagunes, L. , et al. (2019). Factors associated wi th ventilato r- assoc iated events: an international multicenter prospective c o hort study. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 38 , 1693-1699.
Retamal, J., Bergamini, B.C ., Carvalho, A.R., Bozza, F. A., Borzone, G., Borges, J.B., Larsson, A., Hedenstierna, G., Bugedo, G., and Bruhn, A. ( 2014). Non-lobar atelectasis generates inflammation and structural alveolar injury in the surrounding healthy tissue during mechanical ventilation. Crit. Care. 18 , 505.
Rhodes, A., Evans, L.E., Al hazzani, W., Levy, M.M., Antonelli, M., Ferrer, R., Kumar, A., Sevransky, J.E., Sprung, C.L., Nunnally, M.E. , et al. (2017). Surviving Sepsis Campaig n: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock : 2016. Intensive. Care. Med. 43 , 304- 377.
Russotto, V., Bellani, G., and Fo ti, G. (2018). Respiratory mechanics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann. Transl. Med. 6 , 382.
Saha, D., Takahashi, K., de Prost, N., Winkler, T., Pinilla- Vera, M. , Baron, R.M., and Vidal Melo, M. F. (2013). Micro- autoradiographic assessment of cell types contributing to 2- deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose uptake during ventilator- induced and endotoxemic lung inj ury. Mo l . Imag ing. Bio l . 15 , 19-27.
Saito, T. (2016). [Risk Factors o f Perioperative Pulmon ary Aspiration Related to Anesthesia, Devices and Operation]. Masui 65 , 29-36.
Santana, M.C., Garcia, C. S., Xisto, D.G., Nagato, L.K., Lassance, R.M., Prota, L. F., Ornellas, F. M., Capelozzi, V. L., Morales, M.M., Zin, W. A. , et al. (2009). Prone position prevents regional alveol ar hyperinflation and mechanical stress and strain in mild experimental acute lung injury. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 167 , 181- 188.
Scholt en, E.L., Beitler, J.R., Prisk, G.K., and Malhotra, A. (2017). Treatment of ARDS With Prone Positioning. Chest 151 , 215-224.
Sim, J.K., Oh, J. Y., Min, K.H., Hur, G. Y., Lee, S.H., Lee, S. Y., Kim, J.H., Shin, C. , Shim, J.J., and Kang, K.H. (2016). Clinical signif icance of ventilator-associated event. J. Crit. Care. 35 , 19-23.
Simon, R.H., DeHart, P.D., and To dd, R. F., 3rd (1986). Neutrophil-induced injury of rat pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 78 , 137 5 -1386.
Stevens, J. P., Silva, G., Gillis, J., Novac k, V., Talmor, D., Klompas, M., and Howell, M.D. ( 2014). Automated surveillance for ventilator- associated events. Chest 146 , 1612-1618.
Stuber, F., Wrigge, H., Schroeder, S., Wetegrove, S., Zinserling, J., Hoeft, A., and Putensen, C. (2002). Kinetic and reversibility of mechanical ventilation- associated pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response in patients with ac ute lung injury. Intensive. Care. Med. 28 , 834- 841.
Sundararajan, V., Henderson, T., Perry, C., Muggivan, A., Quan, H., and Ghali, W. A. (2004). New ICD-10 version of the Charlson comor bidity index pred icted in-hospital mortality. J. Cli n. Epidemio l. 57 , 1288-1294.
Sutherasan, Y., Vargas, M., and Pelosi, P. (2014). Protective mechanic al ve ntilation in the no n-injured lung: review and meta-analysis. Crit. Care. 18 , 211.
Taskar, V., John, J., Evander, E., Rober tson, B., and Jonson, B. (1997). Surfactant dysf unction makes lungs vulnerable to repetitive collapse and reexpansion. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. M ed. 155 , 313- 320.
Terragni, P. P., Rosboch, G., Tealdi, A., Corno, E., Menaldo, E., Davini, O., Gandini, G., Herrmann, P., Mascia, L., Quintel, M. , et al. (2007). Tidal hyperinflation during low tidal volume ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am. J Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 175 , 160-166.
Valenza, F., Guglielmi, M., Maffiolett i , M., Tedesco, C. , Maccagni, P., Fossali, T., Aletti, G., Porro, G.A., Irace, M., Carlesso , E. , et al. ( 2005). Prone po sition delays the progression of ventilator-induc ed lung injury in rats: does lung strain distribution play a role? Crit. Care. Med. 33 , 361- 367.
van Kaam, A.H., Lachmann, R.A. , Herting, E., De Jaegere, A., van Iwaarden, F., Noorduyn , L.A., Kok, J.H., Haitsma, J.J., and Lac hmann, B. (2004). Reducing atelectasis attenuates bac terial growth and translocatio n in experimental pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. M ed. 169 , 1046-1053.
Vasilevskis, E.E., Ely, E. W., Speroff, T., Pun, B. T., Boehm, L., and Dittus, R.S. (2010). Reducing iatrogenic risks: ICU- acquired delirium and weakness--crossing the quality ch asm. Chest 138 , 1224-1233.
Viola, H., Chang, J., Grunwell, J.R., Hecker, L., Tirouvanziam, R., Grotberg, J. B., and Takayama, S. ( 2019). Microphysiological systems modeling acute respiratory distress syndrome that capture mechanical force-induced injury-inflammation-repair. APL. Bioeng. 3 , 041503.
von Bethmann, A.N., Brasch, F. , Nusing, R., Vo gt, K., Vo lk, H.D., Muller, K.M., Wendel, A., and Uhlig, S. (1998). Hyperventilation induces release of c ytokines from perfused mouse lung. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 157 , 263-272.
Wakabayashi, K., Wilson, M.R., Tatham, K.C., O'Dea, K. P., and Takata, M. (2014). Vo lutrauma, but not atelectrauma, induces systemic cytok ine produc tion by lung-marginated monoc ytes. Crit. Care. M ed. 42 , e 49-57.
Wellman, T. J., Winkler, T., Co sta, E.L., Musch, G., Harris, R.S., Venegas, J.G., and Vidal Me lo, M. F. (2012). Effect of regio nal lung inflatio n on ventilation hetero ge neity at different length scales during mechanical ventilation of normal sheep lungs. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 113 , 947-957.
Wellman, T. J., Winkler, T., Co sta, E.L., Musch, G., Harris, R.S., Zheng, H., Venegas, J.G., and Vidal Melo, M. F. (2014). Effect of local tidal lung strain on inflammation in normal and lipopolys acc haride-exposed sheep. Crit. Care. Med. 42 , e491-500.
Williams, A.E., and Chambers, R.C. (2014). The mercurial nature of neutro phils: still an enigma in ARDS? Am . J. Physiol. Lung. Cell. Mol. Physiol. 306 , L217-230.
Yen, S., Preissner, M., Bennett, E., Dubsky, S., Carnibella, R., O' To ole, R., Roddam, L., Jones, H., Dargaville, P. A., Fouras, A. , et al. (2019). The Li nk between Re gional Tidal Stretch and Lung Injury during Mechanical Ventilation. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Bio l . 60 , 569-577.
Yo shida, T., Nakahashi, S., Nakamura, M.A.M., Koyama, Y., Roldan, R., To rsani, V., De Santis, R.R., Gomes, S., Uchi yama, A., Amato , M.B. P. , et al. (2017). Vo lume- co ntrolled Ventilation Do es No t Prevent Inj urious Inflatio n during Spontaneous Eff o rt. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 196 , 590-601.
Yo unan, D., Griffin, R., Zaky, A., Pittet, J. F., and Camins, B. (2019). A Comparison of Ou tcomes of Trauma Patients With Ventilator- Associated Events by D iagnostic Criteria Set. Shock 51 , 599-604.
Zhu, S., Wang, W., Kang, Y., He, Q., Zhang, H., Deng, Y., Cai, L., Zhang, R., Sun, X., and Zong, Z. (2021). Cli nical outcomes and risk factors for mortality from ventilator- associated events: A registry- based c o hort study amon g 30,830 intensive care unit patients. Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol. 11 , 1-8.