1. Word, R.A., et al., Dynamics of cervical remodeling during pregnancy and parturition: mechanisms and current concepts. Semin Reprod Med, 25(1): p. 69-79, 2007.
2. Danforth, D.N., The fibrous nature of the human cervix, and its relation to the isthmic segment in gravid and nongravid uteri. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 53(4): p. 541-60, 1947.
3. Danforth, D.N., et al., The effect of pregnancy and labor on the human cervix: changes in collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 120(5): p. 641-51, 1974.
4. Danforth, D.N., The morphology of the human cervix. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 26(1): p. 7-13, 1983.
5. Vink, J. and M. Mourad, The pathophysiology of human premature cervical remodeling resulting in spontaneous preterm birth: Where are we now? Semin Perinatol, 41(7): p. 427-437, 2017.
6. Limvarapuss, C., N. Kanayama, and T. Terao, Elastase activity of endocervical mucus in normal pregnancy. Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol, 18(2): p. 147-53, 1992.
7. Carbonne, B., Cervical maturation and labor induction. Hypertension Research in Pregnancy, 2(2): p. 59-64, 2014.
8. Wormer, K.C. and A.E. Williford, Bishop Score, in StatPearls. 2019: Treasure Island (FL).
9. Goepfert, A.R., et al., The Preterm Prediction Study: association between cervical interleukin 6 concentration and spontaneous preterm birth. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 184(3): p. 483-8, 2001.
10. Kolkman, D.G., et al., The Bishop score as a predictor of labor induction success: a systematic review. Am J Perinatol, 30(8): p. 625-30, 2013.
11. Navve, D., et al., Is the Bishop-score significant in predicting the success of labor induction in multiparous women? J Perinatol, 37(5): p. 480-483, 2017.
12. Elliott, C.L., et al., Interleukin 8 expression in human myometrium: changes in relation to labor onset and with gestational age. Am J Reprod Immunol, 43(5): p. 272-7, 2000.
13. Holt, R., et al., The molecular mechanisms of cervical ripening differ between term and preterm birth. Endocrinology, 152(3): p. 1036-46, 2011.
14. Golightly, E., H.N. Jabbour, and J.E. Norman, Endocrine immune interactions in human parturition. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 335(1): p. 52-9, 2011.
15. Gravaghi, C., et al., Cox-2 expression, PGE(2) and cytokines production are inhibited by endogenously synthesized n-3 PUFAs in inflamed colon of fat-1 mice. J Nutr Biochem, 22(4): p. 360-5, 2011.
16. Swaisgood, C.M., et al., Coordinate expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 genes in uterine tissues of endotoxin-treated pregnant mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 177(5): p. 1253-62, 1997.
17. Steinborn, A., et al., Identification of placental cytokine-producing cells in term and preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol, 91(3): p. 329-35, 1998.
18. Dudley, D.J., et al., A murine model of preterm labor: inflammatory mediators regulate the production of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-6 by murine decidua. Biol Reprod, 48(1): p. 33-9, 1993.
19. Hassan, S.S., et al., The transcriptome of cervical ripening in human pregnancy before the onset of labor at term: identification of novel molecular functions involved in this process. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 22(12): p. 1183-93, 2009.
20. Dubicke, A., et al., Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human preterm and term cervical ripening. J Reprod Immunol, 84(2): p. 176-85, 2010.
21. Straach, K.J., et al., Regulation of hyaluronan expression during cervical ripening. Glycobiology, 15(1): p. 55-65, 2005.
22. Uchiyama, T., T. Sakuta, and T. Kanayama, Regulation of hyaluronan synthases in mouse uterine cervix. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 327(3): p. 927-32, 2005.
23. Hassan, S.S., et al., The transcriptome of the uterine cervix before and after spontaneous term parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 195(3): p. 778-86, 2006.
24. Itaoka, N., et al., Cervical Expression of Elafin and SLPI in Pregnancy and Their Association With Preterm Labor. Am J Reprod Immunol, 73(6): p. 536-44, 2015.
25. Samejima, T., et al., Elevated concentration of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in the cervical mucus before delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 214(6): p. 741 e1-7, 2016.
26. Samejima, T., et al., Labor prediction based on the expression patterns of multiple genes related to cervical maturation in human term pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol, 78(5), 2017.
27. Garg, D., et al., Progesterone-Mediated Non-Classical Signaling. Trends Endocrinol Metab, 28(9): p. 656-668, 2017.
28. Feng, T., et al., The association between serum progesterone level and preterm delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 142(3): p. 308-314, 2018.
29. Oler, E., A.C. Eke, and A. Hesson, Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and vaginal progesterone for the prevention of recurrent spontaneous preterm delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 138(1): p. 12-16, 2017.
30. Dudley, D.J., et al., Induction of preterm birth in mice by RU486. Biol Reprod, 55(5): p. 992-5, 1996.
31. Cadepond, F., A. Ulmann, and E.E. Baulieu, RU486 (mifepristone): mechanisms of action and clinical uses. Annu Rev Med, 48: p. 129-56, 1997.
32. Mirkin, S. and D.F. Archer, Effects of mifepristone on vascular endothelial growth factor and thrombospondin-1 mRNA in Ishikawa cells: implication for the endometrial effects of mifepristone. Contraception, 70(4): p. 327-33, 2004.
33. Zhang, L., et al., Progesterone receptor antagonist provides palliative effects for uterine leiomyoma through a Bcl-2/Beclin1-dependent mechanism. Biosci Rep, 39(7), 2019.
34. Joachim, R., et al., The progesterone derivative dydrogesterone abrogates murine stress-triggered abortion by inducing a Th2 biased local immune response. Steroids, 68(10-13): p. 931-40, 2003.
35. Shabaan, O.M., et al., Vaginal progesterone for prevention of preterm delivery in women with twin pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Facts Views Vis Obgyn, 10(2): p. 93-98, 2018.
36. Martinez de Tejada, B., et al., Prevention of preterm delivery with vaginal progesterone in women with preterm labour (4P): randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. BJOG, 122(1): p. 80-91, 2015.
37. Hassan, S.S., et al., Vaginal progesterone reduces the rate of preterm birth in women with a sonographic short cervix: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 38(1): p. 18-31, 2011.
38. Yuan, M., et al., Leukocytes are primed in peripheral blood for activation during term and preterm labour. Mol Hum Reprod, 15(11): p. 713-24, 2009.
39. Thanh, B.Y.L., et al., Mode of delivery and pregnancy outcomes in preterm birth: a secondary analysis of the WHO Global and Multi-country Surveys. Sci Rep, 9(1): p. 15556, 2019.
40. Khatibi, T., N. Kheyrikoochaksarayee, and M.M. Sepehri, Analysis of big data for prediction of provider-initiated preterm birth and spontaneous premature deliveries and ranking the predictive features. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2019.
41. Areia, A.L., et al., The role of innate immunity in spontaneous preterm labor: A systematic review. J Reprod Immunol, 136: p. 102616, 2019.
42. Dollner, H., et al., Histologic chorioamnionitis and umbilical serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytokine inhibitors. BJOG, 109(5): p. 534-9, 2002.
43. Lahra, M.M. and H.E. Jeffery, A fetal response to chorioamnionitis is associated with early survival after preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 190(1): p. 147-51, 2004.
44. Romero, R., et al., Prevalence and clinical significance of sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Reprod Immunol, 72(5): p. 458-74, 2014.
45. Abella, V., et al., Progranulin as a biomarker and potential therapeutic agent. Drug Discov Today, 22(10): p. 1557-1564, 2017.
46. Zhu, J., et al., Conversion of proepithelin to epithelins: roles of SLPI and elastase in host defense and wound repair. Cell, 111(6): p. 867-78, 2002.
47. Tang, W., et al., The growth factor progranulin binds to TNF receptors and is therapeutic against inflammatory arthritis in mice. Science, 332(6028): p. 478-84, 2011.
48. Zhao, Y.P., et al., Progranulin protects against osteoarthritis through interacting with TNF-alpha and beta-Catenin signalling. Ann Rheum Dis, 74(12): p. 2244-2253, 2015.
49. Matsubara, T., et al., PGRN is a key adipokine mediating high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity through IL-6 in adipose tissue. Cell Metab, 15(1): p. 38-50, 2012.
50. Chitramuthu, B.P., H.P.J. Bennett, and A. Bateman, Progranulin: a new avenue towards the understanding and treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Brain, 140(12): p. 3081-3104, 2017.
51. Shankaran, S.S., et al., Missense mutations in the progranulin gene linked to frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions reduce progranulin production and secretion. J Biol Chem, 283(3): p. 1744-53, 2008.
52. Jian, J., J. Konopka, and C. Liu, Insights into the role of progranulin in immunity, infection, and inflammation. J Leukoc Biol, 93(2): p. 199-208, 2013.
53. Gorkem, U., et al., Serum progranulin levels are elevated in infertile women with obesity. Endokrynol Pol, 69(6): p. 661-666, 2018.
54. Stubert, J., et al., Acute-phase proteins in prediction of preeclampsia in patients with abnormal midtrimester uterine Doppler velocimetry. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 294(6): p. 1151-1160, 2016.
55. Yamashita, A., et al., Increased tissue levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevents pathological preterm birth. Sci Rep, 3: p. 3113, 2013.
56. Hashimoto, H., et al., Comparative study of doses of exogenous progesterone administration needed to delay parturition in Jcl:MCH(ICR) mice. Exp Anim, 59(4): p. 521-4, 2010.
57. Haraguchi, H., et al., MicroRNA-200a locally attenuates progesterone signaling in the cervix, preventing embryo implantation. Mol Endocrinol, 28(7): p. 1108-17, 2014.
58. Desmarais, J.A., et al., Spatiotemporal expression pattern of progranulin in embryo implantation and placenta formation suggests a role in cell proliferation, remodeling, and angiogenesis. Reproduction, 136(2): p. 247-57, 2008.
59. Gonzalez, J.M., et al., Cervical remodeling/ripening at term and preterm delivery: the same mechanism initiated by different mediators and different effector cells. PLoS One, 6(11): p. e26877, 2011.
60. Leimert, K.B., et al., Cooperative effects of sequential PGF2alpha and IL-1beta on IL-6 and COX-2 expression in human myometrial cellsdagger. Biol Reprod, 100(5): p. 1370-1385, 2019.
61. Reinebrant, H.E., et al., Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitors for treating preterm labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (6): p. CD001992, 2015.
62. Cerezo, L.A., et al., Progranulin Is Associated with Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mediators Inflamm, 2015: p. 740357, 2015.
63. Melekoglu, R., et al., Associations between second-trimester amniotic fluid levels of ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, IL-6, and TNF-alpha and spontaneous preterm delivery in singleton pregnancies. J Perinat Med, 47(3): p. 304-310, 2019.
64. van Wetering, S., et al., Regulation of SLPI and elafin release from bronchial epithelial cells by neutrophil defensins. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 278(1): p. L51-8, 2000.
65. Stolk, J., et al., Pulmonary deposition and disappearance of aerosolised secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor. Thorax, 50(6): p. 645-50, 1995.