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19
Table 1
Demographic characteristics of subjects and their children with gross motor dysfunction
Round
Female
51
45
39
Male
Not described
40 ± 5
41 ± 5
41 ± 5
Female
32
29
25
Male
23
20
18
Not described
7±5
8±5
8±5
Cerebral palsy c
31
31
21
Nervous system deformity d
10
10
Subjects
Gender
Age (years)
Children a
Gender
Age (years)
Diagnosis
20
Chromosome abnormality
Others
Not described
Requires assistance
47
41
37
Independent
Not described
Developmental support centres
20
15
10
Special classrooms
Special schools
24
24
24
Assistance with outdoor mobility
Use of facilities
Note. a The number of subjects and their children are not the same due to the inclusion of
one parent of twins with movement disorders. b Multiple answers were allowed under the
diagnosis category.
Cerebral palsy included periventricular leukomalacia, infantile
encephalitis, etc. d Nervous system deformity included spina bifida, hydrocephalus, etc.
Developmental support centres are facilities that provide medical treatment and education
for pre-school children with disabilities.
21
Table 2
Consensus ratio and characteristics of the determined checklist items (n=43)
Questionnaire item
Consens
Category
us ratio
classification
(%)
Purpose a
Factor b
95
81
93
83
#5 Lack of space to move wheelchairs in parking lot
88
#6 No roofs over parking lot
95
Obstacles domain
1. Planning and preparing for outings
#1 Restriction in the type of destination due to
weather
#2 Hesitation or resignation of outing due to lack of
human resources for child care
#3 Few or no appropriate places for children with
disabilities to play safely (e.g., environment/other
children)
2. Transit
#4 Lack of parking for those with disabilities (e.g.,
insufficient number/ misuse by general public)
22
#7 No elevators at station
86
#8 Roundabout route to elevator
86
#9 Complicated layout of large stations
84
#10 Large number of stairs at subway stations
84
81
88
81
81
91
81
86
88
#11 Long distance between entrance gate to boarding
area at stations
#12 Large gap between train and platform
#13 Worries in moving around crowded stations by
wheelchair (e.g., attitude of general public)
#14 Uneven footpaths
#15 Difficulty in using umbrellas while pushing
wheelchair
3. Performance of aimed activities at destination
#16 Long wait times for crowded elevators (e.g.,
insufficient number/ thoughtlessness of general
public)
#17 Lack of equipped restrooms for people with
disabilities (e.g., insufficient number/ misuse by
general public)
#18 Lack of space to move wheelchairs in restroom
23
#19 No appropriate change tables for people with
95
91
84
93
86
#24 Narrow entrance gates for wheelchairs
84
#25 Slippery floors at pools/public baths
88
91
88
S/I
81
disabilities
#20 Difficulty in handling both shopping cart and
wheelchair at grocery stores
#21
No appropriate chairs
for
children
with
disabilities at restaurants
#22 Rough walkways at tourist sites
#23 Few equipped attractions for people with
disabilities at amusement parks
#26 Limited space to take care of child at pools/public
baths
#27 Difficulty in taking adolescents of the opposite
sex to pools/public baths (e.g., environment/social
stigma)
Coping strategies domain
1. Planning and preparing for outings
#28 Plan to re-visit familiar facilities
24
#29 Reserve a private room or other appropriate
86
84
81
86
86
88
environment for dining out
#30 Check facility for barrier-free access (e.g., ramps
and elevators)
#31 Check availability of washrooms for those with
disabilities
#32 Check discount information for people with
disabilities (i.e., if the facility has a discounted
entrance fee, it may be equipped for people with
disabilities)
3. Performance-aimed activities at certain places
#33 Use of a shoulder bag or backpack to take care of
their children
#34 Bring children’s extra clothes
Required assistance and resources domain
#35 Improve restroom environment (e.g., include
98
81
change tables for people with disabilities)
#36 Equip rooms for rest/meals etc. for people with
disabilities
25
#37 Improve footpaths, and reduce the number of
95
#38 Implement footpaths with roofs
93
#39 Increase parking area for people with disabilities
93
barriers, stairs, and potholes
Note. a Classification by purpose of out-of-home activities. C: common items for both
IADL and leisure activities. P: particular items for IADLs such as grocery shopping,
dropping off and picking up children from school, etc. L: particular items for leisure
activities such as family trips, etc. b Classification by level of obstacles: S, society level; I,
individual level.
26
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