1. Pascolini, D.; Mariotti, S.P.; Pokharel, G.P.; Pararajasegaram, R.; Etya’ale, D.; Negrel, A.D.; Resnikoff, S. 2002 global update of available data on visual impairment: A compilation of population-based prevalence studies. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2004, 11, 67–115.
2. Resnikoff, S.; Pascolini, D.; Etya’ale, D.; Kocur, I.; Pararajasegaram, R.; Pokharel, G.P.; Mariotti, S.P. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bull. World Health Organ. 2004, 82, 844–851, doi: /s0042- 96862004001100009.
3. Hyman, L.; Neborsky, R. Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: An update. Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. 2002, 13, 171–175.
4. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2001, 119, 1417–1436, doi: 10.1001/archopht.119.10.1417.
5. De Jong, P.T. Age-related macular degeneration. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006, 355, 1474–1485, doi: 10.1056/NEJMra062326.
6. Aiello, L.P.; Pierce, E.A.; Foley, E.D.; Takagi, H.; Chen, H.; Riddle, L.; Ferrara, N.; King, G.L.; Smith, L.E. Suppression of retinal neovascularization in vivo by inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using soluble VEGF-receptor chimeric proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995, 92, 10457–10461, doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.23.10457.
7. Uddin, M.I.; Evans, S.M.; Craft, J.R.; Capozzi, M.E.; McCollum, G.W.; Yang, R.; Marnett, L.J.; Uddin, M.J.; Jayagopal, A.; Penn, J.S. In vivo imaging of retinal hypoxia in a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 31011, doi: 10.1038/srep31011.
8. Pieramici, D.J.; Rabena, M.D. Anti-VEGF therapy: Comparison of current and future agents. Eye (Lond) 2008, 22, 1330–1336, doi: 10.1038/eye.2008.88.
9. Maguire, M.G.; Martin, D.F.; Ying, G.S.; Jaffe, G.J.; Daniel, E.; Grunwald, J.E.; Toth, C.A.; Ferris, F.L., 3rd; Fine, S.L. Five-year outcomes with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment of neovascular age- related macular degeneration: The comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials. Ophthalmology 2016, 123, 1751–1761, doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.03.045.
10. Grunwald, J.E.; Daniel, E.; Huang, J.; Ying, G.S.; Maguire, M.G.; Toth, C.A.; Jaffe, G.J.; Fine, S.L.; Blodi, B.; Klein, M.L.; et al. Risk of geographic atrophy in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials. Ophthalmology 2014, 121, 150–161, doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.08.015.
11. Wang, G.L.; Semenza, G.L. Purification and characterization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 1230–1237, doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.3.1230.
12. Kaelin, W.G., Jr.; Ratcliffe, P.J. Oxygen sensing by metazoans: The central role of the HIF hydroxylase pathway. Mol. Cell 2008, 30, 393–402, doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.04.009.
13. Mole, D.R.; Blancher, C.; Copley, R.R.; Pollard, P.J.; Gleadle, J.M.; Ragoussis, J.; Ratcliffe, P.J. Genome-wide association of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and HIF-2alpha DNA binding with expression profiling of hypoxia-inducible transcripts. J. Biol. Chem. 2009, 284, 16767–16775, doi: 10.1074/jbc.M901790200.
14. Kurihara, T.; Westenskow, P.D.; Bravo, S.; Aguilar, E.; Friedlander, M. Targeted deletion of Vegfa in adult mice induces vision loss. J. Clin. Invest. 2012, 122, 4213–4217, doi: 10.1172/jci65157.
15. Miwa, Y.; Hoshino, Y.; Shoda, C.; Jiang, X.; Tsubota, K.; Kurihara, T. Pharmacological HIF inhibition prevents retinal neovascularization with improved visual function in a murine oxygen-induced retinopathy model. Neurochem. Int. 2019, 128, 21–31, doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.008.
16. Rapisarda, A.; Uranchimeg, B.; Sordet, O.; Pommier, Y.; Shoemaker, R.H.; Melillo, G. Topoisomerase I- mediated inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1: Mechanism and therapeutic implications. Cancer Res. 2004, 64, 1475–1482.
17. Yu, T.; Tang, B.; Sun, X. Development of inhibitors targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and 2 for cancer therapy. Yonsei. Med. J. 2017, 58, 489–496, doi: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.3.489.
18. Hoskins, P.; Eisenhauer, E.; Beare, S.; Roy, M.; Drouin, P.; Stuart, G.; Bryson, P.; Grimshaw, R.; Capstick, V.; Zee, B. Randomized phase II study of two schedules of topotecan in previously treated patients with ovarian cancer: A national cancer institute of canada clinical trials group study. J. Clin. Oncol. 1998, 16, 2233–2237, doi: 10.1200/jco.1998.16.6.2233.
19. Kim, K.Y.; Lee, H.N.; Kim, Y.J.; Park, T. Garcinia cambogia extract ameliorates visceral adiposity in C57BL/6J mice fed on a high-fat diet. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2008, 72, 1772–1780, doi: 10.1271/bbb.80072.
20. Rahtu-Korpela, L.; Karsikas, S.; Horkko, S.; Blanco Sequeiros, R.; Lammentausta, E.; Makela, K.A.; Herzig, K.H.; Walkinshaw, G.; Kivirikko, K.I.; Myllyharju, J.; et al. HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylase-2 inhibition improves glucose and lipid metabolism and protects against obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Diabetes 2014, 63, 3324–3333, doi: 10.2337/db14-0472.
21. Kunimi, H.; Miwa, Y.; Inoue, H.; Tsubota, K.; Kurihara, T. A novel HIF inhibitor halofuginone prevents neurodegeneration in a murine model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, doi: 10.3390/ijms20133171.
22. Mori, K.; Kurihara, T.; Miyauchi, M.; Ishida, A.; Jiang, X.; Ikeda, S.I.; Torii, H.; Tsubota, K. Oral crocetin administration suppressed refractive shift and axial elongation in a murine model of lens-induced myopia. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 295, doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36576-w.
23. Yang, C.; Xu, Y.; Zhou, H.; Yang, L.; Yu, S.; Gao, Y.; Huang, Y.; Lu, L.; Liang, X. Tetramethylpyrazine protects CoCl2-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by regulating the PHD2/HIF/1alpha-VEGF pathway. Mol. Med. Rep. 2016, 13, 1287–1296, doi: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4679.
24. Ferrara, N.; Kerbel, R.S. Angiogenesis as a therapeutic target. Nature 2005, 438, 967–974, doi:.10.1038/nature04483.
25. Guo, J.; Luo, X.; Liang, J.; Xiao, M.; Sun, X. Antiangiogenic Effects of Doxazosin on Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice. J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther. 2017, 33, 50–56, doi: 10.1089/jop.2016.0153.
26. Wu, J.; Ke, X.; Wang, W.; Zhang, H.; Ma, N.; Fu, W.; Zhao, M.; Gao, X.; Hao, X.; Zhang, Z. Aloe-emodin suppresses hypoxia-induced retinal angiogenesis via inhibition of HIF-1alpha/VEGF pathway. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2016, 12, 1363–1371, doi: 10.7150/ijbs.16334.
27. Koo, T.; Park, S.W.; Jo, D.H.; Kim, D.; Kim, J.H.; Cho, H.Y.; Kim, J.; Kim, J.H.; Kim, J.S. CRISPR-LbCpf1 prevents choroidal neovascularization in a mouse model of age-related macular degeneration. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 1855, doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04175-y.
28. Yoshida, T.; Zhang, H.; Iwase, T.; Shen, J.; Semenza, G.L.; Campochiaro, P.A. Digoxin inhibits retinal ischemia-induced HIF-1alpha expression and ocular neovascularization. Faseb. J. 2010, 24, 1759–1767, doi: 10.1096/fj.09-145664.
29. Jena, B.S.; Jayaprakasha, G.K.; Singh, R.P.; Sakariah, K.K. Chemistry and biochemistry of (-)-hydroxycitric acid from Garcinia. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50, 10–22.
30. Stallings, W.C.; Blount, J.F.; Srere, P.A.; Glusker, J.P. Structural studies of hydroxycitrates and their relevance to certain enzymatic mechanisms. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1979, 193, 431–448.
31. Ohia, S.E.; Opere, C.A.; LeDay, A.M.; Bagchi, M.; Bagchi, D.; Stohs, S.J. Safety and mechanism of appetite suppression by a novel hydroxycitric acid extract (HCA-SX). Mol. Cell Biochem. 2002, 238, 89–103.
32. Asghar, M.; Monjok, E.; Kouamou, G.; Ohia, S.E.; Bagchi, D.; Lokhandwala, M.F. Super CitriMax (HCA- SX) attenuates increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, and body weight in developing obese Zucker rats. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2007, 304, 93–99, doi: 10.1007/s11010-007-9489-3.
33. Preuss, H.G.; Garis, R.I.; Bramble, J.D.; Bagchi, D.; Bagchi, M.; Rao, C.V.; Satyanarayana, S. Efficacy of a novel calcium/potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid in weight control. Int. J. Clin. Pharm. Res. 2005, 25, 133–144.
34. Li, L.; Peng, M.; Ge, C.; Yu, L.; Ma, H. Hydroxycitric acid reduced lipid droplets accumulation via decreasing acetyl-coa supply and accelerating energy metabolism in cultured primary chicken hepatocytes. Cell Physiol. Biochem. 2017, 43, 812–831, doi: 10.1159/000481564.
35. Nisha, V.M.; Priyanka, A.; Anusree, S.S.; Raghu, K.G. (-)-Hydroxycitric acid attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated alterations in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by protecting mitochondria and downregulating inflammatory markers. Free Radic. Res. 2014, 48, 1386–1396, doi:10.3109/10715762.2014.959514.
36. Goudarzvand, M.; Afraei, S.; Yaslianifard, S.; Ghiasy, S.; Sadri, G.; Kalvandi, M.; Alinia, T.; Mohebbi, A.; Yazdani, R.; Azarian, S.K.;et al. Hydroxycitric acid ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress in mouse models of multiple sclerosis. Neural. Regen. Res. 2016, 11, 1610–1616, doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.193240.
37. Ono, H.; Tamura, H.; Yamashita, Y.; Tamura, K.; Iwakura, K. In vitro chromosome aberration test and in vivo micronucleus test of Ca-type Garcinia extract. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 2006, 47, 80–84.
38. Montezuma, S.R.; Dolezal, L.D.; Rageh, A.A.; Mar, K.; Jordan, M.; Ferrington, D.A. Lactoferrin reduces chorioretinal damage in the murine laser model of choroidal neovascularization. Curr. Eye Res. 2015, 40, 946–953, doi: 10.3109/02713683.2014.969808.